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Freescale Semiconductor Technical Data
Document Number: MC1321x Rev. 1.5 11/2008
MC1321x
MC13211/212/213
ZigBeeTM- Compliant Platform 2.4 GHz Low Power Transceiver for the IEEE(R) 802.15.4 Standard plus Microcontroller
1
Package Information Case 1664-01 71-pin LGA [9x9 mm] Ordering Information Device MC13211
1 1 1
Device Marking 13211 13212 13213
Package LGA LGA LGA
MC13212
MC13213
See Table 1 for more details.
1
Introduction
Contents
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 MC1321x Pin Assignment and Connections 8 MC1321x Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) . 14 802.15.4 Standard Modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 MCU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 System Electrical Specification . . . . . . . . . 46 Application Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Mechanical Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
The MC1321x family is Freescale's second-generation ZigBee platform which incorporates a low power 2.4 GHz radio frequency transceiver and an 8-bit microcontroller into a single 9x9x1 mm 71-pin LGA package. The MC1321x solution can be used for wireless applications from simple proprietary point-to-point connectivity to a complete ZigBee mesh network. The combination of the radio and a microcontroller in a small footprint package allows for a cost-effective solution. The MC1321x contains an RF transceiver which is an 802.15.4 Standard compliant radio that operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM frequency band. The transceiver includes a low noise amplifier, 1mW nominal output power, PA with internal voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), integrated transmit/receive switch, on-board power supply regulation, and full spread-spectrum encoding and decoding. The MC1321x also contains a microcontroller based on the HCS08 Family of Microcontroller Units (MCU), specifically the HCS08 Version A, and can provide up to 60KB of flash memory and 4KB of RAM. The onboard
Freescale reserves the right to change the detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the design of its products. (c) Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008. All rights reserved.
MCU allows the communications stack and also the application to reside on the same system-in-package (SIP). The MC1321x family is organized as follows: * The MC13211 has 16KB of flash and 1KB of RAM and is an ideal solution for low cost, proprietary applications that require wireless point-to-point or star network connectivity. The MC13211 combined with the Freescale Simple MAC (SMAC) provides the foundation for proprietary applications by supplying the necessary source code and application examples to get users started on implementing wireless connectivity. * The MC13212 contains 32K of flash and 2KB of RAM and is intended for use with the Freescale fully compliant 802.15.4 MAC. Custom networks based on the 802.15.4 Standard MAC can be implemented to fit user needs. The 802.15.4 Standard supports star, mesh and cluster tree topologies as well as beaconed networks. * The MC13213 contains 60K of flash and 4KB of RAM and is also intended for use with the Freescale fully compliant 802.15.4 MAC and the fully ZigBee compliant Freescale BeeStack. Applications include, but are not limited to, the following: * Residential and commercial automation -- Lighting control -- Security -- Access control -- Heating, ventilation, air-conditioning (HVAC) -- Automated meter reading (AMR) * Industrial Control -- Asset tracking and monitoring -- Homeland security -- Process management -- Environmental monitoring and control -- HVAC -- Automated meter reading * Health Care -- Patient monitoring -- Fitness monitoring * Consumer -- Human interface devices (keyboard, mice, etc.) -- Remote control -- Wireless toys
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 2 Freescale Semiconductor
1.1
Ordering Information
Table 1. Orderable Parts Details
Table 1 provides additional details about the MC1321x family.
Device
Operating Temp Range (TA.)
Package
Memory Options
Description
MC13211
-40 to 85 C LGA
1KB RAM, Intended for proprietary applications and Freescale Simple MAC 16KB Flash (SMAC)
MC13211R2 -40 to 85 C LGA 1KB RAM, Intended for proprietary applications and Freescale Simple MAC Tape and Reel 16KB Flash (SMAC) MC13212 -40 to 85 C LGA 2KB RAM, Intended for 802.15.4 Standard compliant applications and 32KB Flash Freescale 802.15.4 MAC
MC13212R2 -40 to 85 C LGA 2KB RAM, Intended for 802.15.4 Standard compliant applications and Tape and Reel 32KB Flash Freescale 802.15.4 MAC MC13213 -40 to 85 C LGA 4KB RAM, Intended for 802.15.4 Standard compliant applications and the 60KB Flash Freescale 802.15.4 MAC and fully ZigBee compliant Freescale BeeStack.
MC13213R2 -40 to 85 C LGA 4KB RAM, Intended for 802.15.4 Standard compliant applications and Tape and Reel 60KB Flash Freescale 802.15.4 MAC and fully ZigBee compliant Freescale BeeStack.
1.2
*
General Platform Features
802.15.4 Standard compliant on-chip transceiver/modem -- 2.4GHz -- 16 selectable channels -- Programmable output power Multiple power saving modes 2V to 3.4V operating voltage with on-chip voltage regulators -40C to +85C temperature range Low external component count Supports single 16 MHz crystal clock source operation or dual crystal operation Support for SMAC, 802.15.4 Standard, and ZigBee software 9mm x 9mm x 1mm 71-pin LGA
* * * * * * *
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 3
1.3
* *
Microcontroller Features
Low voltage MCU with 40 MHz low power HCS08 CPU core Up to 60K flash memory with block protection and security and 4K RAM -- MC13211: 16KB Flash, 1KB RAM -- MC13212: 32KB Flash, 2KB RAM -- MC13213: 60KB Flash, 4KB RAM Low power modes (Wait plus Stop2 and Stop3 modes) Dedicated serial peripheral interface (SPI) connected internally to 802.15.4 modem One external 4-channel (5-channel internal) 16-bit timer/pulse width modulator (TPM) module and one external 1-channel (3-channel internal) 16-bit timer/pulse width modulator module, each with selectable input capture, output capture, and PWM capability. 8-bit port keyboard interrupt (KBI) 8-channel 8-10-bit ADC Two independent serial communication interfaces (SCI) Multiple clock source options -- Internal clock generator (ICG) with 243 kHz oscillator that has +/-0.2% trimming resolution and +/-0.5% deviation across voltage. -- Startup oscillator of approximately 8 MHz -- External crystal or resonator -- External source from modem clock for very high accuracy source or system low-cost option Inter-integrated circuit (IIC) interface. In-circuit debug and flash programming available via on-chip background debug module (BDM) -- Two comparator and 9 trigger modes -- Eight deep FIFO for storing change-of-flow addresses and event-only data -- Tag and force breakpoints -- In-circuit debugging with single breakpoint System protection features -- Programmable low voltage interrupt (LVI) -- Optional watchdog timer (COP) -- Illegal opcode detection Up to 32 MCU GPIO with programmable pullups
* * *
* * * *
* *
*
*
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 4 Freescale Semiconductor
1.4
* * * * * * * * * * * *
RF Modem Features
Fully compliant 802.15.4 Standard transceiver supports 250 kbps O-QPSK data in 5.0 MHz channels and full spread-spectrum encode and decode Operates on one of 16 selectable channels in the 2.4 GHz ISM band -1 dBm to 0 dBm nominal output power, programmable from -27 dBm to +3 dBm typical Receive sensitivity of <-92 dBm (typical) at 1% PER, 20-byte packet, much better than the 802.15.4 Standard of -85 dBm Integrated transmit/receive switch Dual PA ouput pairs which can be programmed for full differential single-port or dual-port operation that supports an external LNA and/or PA. Three low power modes for increased battery life Programmable frequency clock output for use by MCU Onboard trim capability for 16 MHz crystal reference oscillator eliminates need for external variable capacitors and allows for automated production frequency calibration Four internal timer comparators available to supplement MCU timer resources Supports both packet data mode and streaming data mode Seven GPIO to supplement MCU GPIO
1.5
Software Features
Freescale provides a wide range of software functionality to complement the MC1321x hardware. There are three levels of application solutions: 1. Simple proprietary wireless connectivity. 2. User networks built on the 802.15.4 MAC standard. 3. ZigBee-compliant network stack.
1.5.1
* * * *
Simple MAC (SMAC)
Small memory footprint (about 3 Kbytes typical) Supports point-to-point and star network configurations Proprietary networks Source code and application examples provided
1.5.2
* * * *
802.15.4 Standard-Compliant MAC
Supports star, mesh and cluster tree topologies Supports beaconed networks Supports GTS for low latency Multiple power saving modes (idle doze, hibernate)
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 5
1.5.3
* * *
ZigBee-Compliant Network Stack (BeeStack)
Supports ZigBee specification Supports star, mesh and tree networks Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128-bit security
1.6
System Block Diagram
Figure 1 shows a simplified block diagram of the MC1321x solution.
Analog Receiver RFIC Timers
HCS08 CPU
Background Debug Module 8 Channel 10 Bit ADC
RIN_P(PAO_P) RIN_M(PAO_M) PAO_P PAO_M
Transmit/Receive Switch
Frequency Generator
Digital Transceiver
16-60 KB Flash Memory Digital Control Logic
1-4 KB RAM
2x SCI
Analog Transmitter
Dedicated SPI
I2C 1 Channel & 4 Channel 16-bit Timers COP
Buffer RAM
Low Voltage Detect RAM Arbiter
IRQ Arbiter
Keyboard Interrupt
Power Management
Voltage Regulators
Internal Clock Generator
Up to 32 GPIO
802.15.4 Modem
Figure 1. MC1321x System Level Block Diagram
HCS08 MCU
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 6 Freescale Semiconductor
1.7
System Clock Configuration
The MC321x device allows for a wide array of system clock configurations: * Pins are provided for a separate external clock source for the CPU. The external clock source can by derived from a crystal oscillator or from an external clock source * Pins are provided for a 16 MHz crystal for the modem clock source (required) * The modem crystal oscillator frequency can be trimmed through programming to maintain the tight tolerances required by the 802.15.4 Standard * The modem provides a CLKO programmable frequency clock output that can be used as an external source to the CPU. As a result, a single crystal system clock solution is possible * Out of reset, the MCU uses an internally generated clock (approximately 8-MHz) for start-up. This allows recovery from stop or reset without a long crystal start-up delay * The MCU contains an internal clock generator (which can be trimmed) that can be used to run the MCU for low power operation. This internal reference is approximately 243 kHz
MC 1321X
8 0 2 .1 5 .4 M O D E M X TA L 1 27 X TA L 2 28 C LKO 10
HC S 08 M C U E X TA L 9 X TA L 8
16M Hz
Figure 2. MC1321x Single Crystal System Clock Structure
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 7
2
MC1321x Pin Assignment and Connections
PTD7/TPM2CH4 PTD6/TPM2CH3
50
Figure 3 shows the MC1321x pinout.
PTA2/KBI1P2 PTA1/KBI1P1 PTA0/KBI1P0 PTB7/AD1P7 PTB5/AD1P5 PTB4/AD1P4 PTB3/AD1P3 PTD5/TPM2CH2
49 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 48 47 71 70 46 45 44
PTB6/AD1P6
PTB2/AD1P2
PTB1/AD1P1
64
PTA3/KBI1P3 PTA4/KBI1P4 PTA5/KBI1P5 PTA6/KBI1P6 PTA7/KBI1P7 VDDAD PTG0/BKGD/MS PTG1/XTAL PTG2/EXTAL CLKO RES ET PTC0/TXD2 PTC1/RXD2 PTC2/S DA1 PTC3/S CL1 PTC4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
VREFL
VREFH
PTB0/AD1P0
MC1321x
TES T
PTD4/TPM2CH1 PTD2/TPM1CH2 ATTN VDD GPIO1 GPIO2 GPIO3 GPIO4 SM PAO_M PAO_P NC RFIN_P RFIN_M CT_Bias
Flag opening
43 42 41 40
Flag opening
39 38 37
TES T
65 66 67 68 69
36 35 34
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31 32
33
VDDA
PTC5
PTC6
PTC7
PTE0/TXD1
VDDD
Figure 3. MC1321x Pinout (Top View)
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 8 Freescale Semiconductor
PTE1/RXD1
VDDINT
GPIO5
GPIO6
GPIO7
XTAL1
XTAL2
VDDLO2
VDDLO1
VDDVCO
VBATT
2.1
Pin Definitions
Table 2. Pin Function Description
Table 2 details the MC1321x pinout and functionality.
Pin # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Pin Name PTA3/KBI1P3 PTA4/KBI1P4 PTA5/KBI1P5 PTA6/KBI1P6 PTA7/KBI1P7 VDDAD PTG0/BKGND/MS PTG1/XTAL
Type Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output Power Input Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output/ Output Digital Input/Output/ Input Digital Output
Description MCU Port A Bit 3 / Keyboard Input Bit 3 MCU Port A Bit 4 / Keyboard Input Bit 4 MCU Port A Bit 5 / Keyboard Input Bit 5 MCU Port A Bit 6 / Keyboard Input Bit 6 MCU Port A Bit 7 / Keyboard Input Bit 7
Functionality
MCU power supply to ATD Decouple to ground. MCU Port G Bit 0 / PTG0 is output only. Pin is I/O when used as BDM Background / Mode Select function. MCU Port G Bit 1 / Crystal Full I/O when not used as clock source. oscillator output MCU Port G Bit 2 / Crystal Full I/O when not used as clock source. oscillator input Modem Clock Output Programmable frequencies of: 16 MHz, 8 MHz, 4 MHz, 2 MHz, 1 MHz, 62.5 kHz, 32.786+ kHz (default), and 16.393+ kHz.
9
PTG2/EXTAL
10
CLKO
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
RESET PTC0/TXD2 PTC1/RXD2 PTC2/SDA1 PTC3/SCL1 PTC4 PTC5
Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output
MCU reset. Active low MCU Port C Bit 0 / SCI2 TX data out MCU Port C Bit 1/ SCI2 RX data in MCU Port C Bit 1/ IIC bus data MCU Port C Bit 1/ IIC bus clock MCU Port C Bit 4 MCU Port C Bit 5
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 9
Table 2. Pin Function Description (continued)
Pin # 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Pin Name PTC6 PTC7 PTE0/TXD1 PTE1/RXD1 VDDD VDDINT GPIO51 GPIO61 GPIO71 XTAL1 XTAL2 Type Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output Power Output Power Input Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output Input Input/Output Description MCU Port C Bit 6 MCU Port C Bit 7 MCU Port E Bit 0 / SCI1 TX data out MCU Port E Bit 1/ SCI1 RX data in Modem regulated output supply voltage Modem digital interface supply General Purpose Input/Output 5. Modem General Purpose Input/Output 6 Modem General Purpose Input/Output 7 Modem crystal reference oscillator input Modem crystal reference oscillator output Decouple to ground. 2.0 to 3.4 V. Decouple to ground. Connect to Battery. See Footnote 1 See Footnote 1 See Footnote 1 Connect to 16 MHz crystal and load capacitor. Connect to 16 MHz crystal and load capacitor. Do not load this pin by using it as a 16 MHz source. Measure 16 MHz output at CLKO, programmed for 16 MHz. Connect to VDDA externally. Connect to VDDA externally. Decouple to ground. Functionality
29 30 31 32 33
VDDLO2 VDDLO1 VDDVCO VBATT VDDA
Power Input Power Input Power Output Power Input Power Output
Modem LO2 VDD supply Modem LO1 VDD supply Modem VCO regulated supply bypass
Modem voltage regulators' Decouple to ground. Connect to Battery. input Modem analog regulated supply output Modem bias voltage/control signal for RF external components Decouple to ground. Connect to directly VDDLO1 and VDDLO2 externally and to PAO_P and PAO_M through a bias network. When used with internal T/R switch, provides ground reference for RX and VDDA reference for TX. Can also be used as a control signal with external LNA, antenna switch, and/or PA (high level is VDDA). When used with internal T/R switch, this is a bi-directional RF port for the internal LNA and PA When used with internal T/R switch, this is a bi-directional RF port for the internal LNA and PA
34
CT_Bias
RF Control Output
35 36
RFIN_M RFIN_P
RF Input (Output) RF Input (Output)
Modem RF input/output negative Modem RF input/output positive
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 10 Freescale Semiconductor
Table 2. Pin Function Description (continued)
Pin # 37 38 NC PAO_P RF Output Pin Name Type Description Not used Modem power amplifier RF output positive Modem power amplifier RF output negative Test Mode pin General Purpose Input/Output 4. Modem General Purpose Input/Output 3 Functionality May be grounded or left open Open drain. Connect to VDDA through a bias network when used with external balun. Not used when internal T/R switch is used. Open drain. Connect to VDDA through a bias network when used with external balun. Not used when internal T/R switch is used. Must be grounded for normal operation See Footnote 1 See Footnote 1
39
PAO_M
RF Output
40 41 42 43
SM GPIO41 GPIO31 GPIO2
Input Digital Input/ Output Digital Input/Output Test Point
MCU Port E Bit 6 / Modem Internally connected pins. When gpio_alt_en, General Purpose Register 9, Bit 7 = 1, GPIO2 functions as a "CRC Input/Output 2 Valid" indicator. MCU Port E Bit 7 / Modem Internally connected pins. When gpio_alt_en, General Purpose Register 9, Bit 7 = 1, GPIO1 functions as an "Out of Input/Output 1 Idle" indicator. MCU main power supply Active Low Attention. Transitions IC from either Hibernate or Doze Modes to Idle. MCU Port D Bit 2 / TPM1 Channel 2 MCU Port D Bit 4 / TPM2 Channel 1 MCU Port D Bit 5 / TPM2 Channel 2 MCU Port D Bit 6 / TPM2 Channel 3 MCU Port D Bit 7 / TPM2 Channel 4 MCU Port B Bit 0 / ATD analogChannel 0 MCU Port B Bit 1 / ATD analog Channel 1 MCU Port B Bit 2 / ATD analog Channel 2 MCU Port B Bit 3 / ATD analog Channel 3 Decouple to ground. See Footnote 2
44
GPIO1
Test Point
45 46
VDD ATTN2
Power Input Digital Input
47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
PTD2/TPM1CH2 PTD4/TPM2CH1 PTD5/TPM2CH2 PTD6/TPM2CH3 PTD7/TPM2CH4 PTB0/AD1P0 PTB1/AD1P1 PTB2/AD1P2 PTB3/AD1P3
Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output Input/Output Input/Output Input/Output Input/Output
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 11
Table 2. Pin Function Description (continued)
Pin # 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Pin Name PTB4/AD1P4 PTB5/AD1P5 PTB6/AD1P6 PTB7/AD1P7 VREFH VREFL PTA0/KBI1P0 PTA1/KBI1P1 PTA2/KBI1P2 TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST Type Input/Output Input/Output Input/Output Input/Output Input Input Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output Digital Input/Output Test Point Test Point Test Point Test Point Test Point Test Point Test Point Power input Description MCU Port B Bit 4 / ATD analog Channel 4 MCU Port B Bit 5 / ATD analog Channel 5 MCU Port B Bit 6 / ATD analog Channel 6 MCU Port B Bit 7 / ATD analog Channel 7 MCU high reference voltage for ATD MCU low reference voltage for ATD MCU Port A Bit 0 / Keyboard Input Bit 0 MCU Port A Bit 1 / Keyboard Input Bit 1 MCU Port A Bit 2 / Keyboard Input Bit 2 For factory test For factory test For factory test For factory test For factory test For factory test For factory test External package flag. Common VSS Do not connect Do not connect Do not connect Do not connect Do not connect Do not connect Do not connect Connect to ground. Functionality
FLAG VSS
1
The transceiver GPIO pins default to inputs at reset. There are no programmable pullups on these pins. Unused GPIO pins should be tied to ground if left as inputs, or if left unconnected, they should be programmed as outputs set to the low state. 2 During low power modes, input must remain driven by MCU.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 12 Freescale Semiconductor
2.2
Internal Functional Interconnects
The MCU provides control for the 802.15.4 modem. The required interconnects between the devices are routed onboard the SiP. In addition, the signals are brought out to external pads primarily for use as test points. These signals can be useful when writing and debugging software.
Table 3. Internal Functional Interconnects
Pin # 43 44 46 MCU Signal PTE6 PTE7 PTD0 PTE5/SPSCK1 PTE4/MOSI1 PTE3/MISO1 PTE2/SS1 IRQ PTD1 PTD3
1 2
Modem Signal GPIO2 GPIO1 ATTN SPICLK1 MOSI1 MISO2 CE1 M_IRQ RXTXEN1 M_RST
Description Modem GPIO2 output acts as "CRC Valid" status indicator for Stream Data Mode to MCU. Modem GPIO1 output acts as "Out of Idle" status indicator for Stream Data Mode to MCU. MCU Port D Bit 0 drives the attention (ATTN) input of the modem to wake modem from Hibernate or Doze Mode. MCU SPI master SPI clock output drives modem SPICLK slave clock input. MCU SPI master MOSI output drives modem slave MOSI input Modem SPI slave MISO output drives MCU master MISO input MCU SPI master SS output drives modem slave CE input Modem interrupt request M_IRQ output drives MCU IRQ input MCU Port D Bit 1 drives the RXTXEN input to the modem to enable TX or RX or CCA operations. MCU Port D Bit 3 drives the reset M_RST input to the modem.
During low power modes, input must remain driven by MCU. By default MISO is tri-stated when CE is negated. For low power operation, miso_hiz_en (Bit 11, Register 07) should be set to zero so that MISO is driven low when CE is negated.
NOTE To use the MCU and modem signals as described in Table 3, the MCU needs to be programmed appropriately for the stated function.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 13
3
MC1321x Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
The MC1321x modem and CPU communicate primarily through the onboard SPI command channel. Figure 4 shows the SiP internal interconnects with the SPI bus highlighted. The MCU has a single SPI module that is dedicated to the modem SPI interface. The modem is a slave only and the MCU SPI must be programmed and used as a master only. Further, the SPI performance is limited by the modem constraints of 8 MHz SPI clock frequency, and use of the SPI must be programmed to meet the modem SPI protocol.
3.1
SiP Level SPI Pin Connections
The SiP level SPI pin connections are all internal to the device. Figure 4 shows the SiP interconnections with the SPI bus highlighted.
MC1321x 47 44 43
M_RST M_IRQ ATTN RXTXEN MODEM GPIO1/Out_of_Idle GPIO2/CRC_Valid MOSI MISO SPICLK CE
PTD3 IRQ PTD0 PTD1 PTE7 PTE6 PTE4/MOSI1 PTE3/MISO1 PTE5/SPSCK1 PTE2/SS1 MCU
11
RESET
Figure 4. MC1321x Internal Interconnects Highlighting SPI Bus Table 4. MC1321x Internal SPI Connections
MCU Signal PTE5/SPSCK1 PTE4/MOSI1 PTE3/MISO1 PTE2/SS1 Modem Signal SPICLK MOSI MISO CE Description MCU SPI master SPI clock output drives modem SPICLK slave clock input. MCU SPI master MOSI output drives modem slave MOSI input Modem SPI slave MISO output drives MCU master MISO input MCU SPI master SS output drives modem slave CE input
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 14 Freescale Semiconductor
3.2
* * * * * *
SPI Features
MCU bus master Modem bus slave Programmable SPI clock rate; maximum rate is 8 MHz Double-buffered transmit and receive at MCU Serial clock phase and polarity must meet modem requirements (MCU control bits Slave select programmed to meet modem protocol
3.3
SPI System Block Diagram
MCU (MASTER) MOS1 SPI SHIFTER 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 MISO1 MISO 7 6 MOSI SPI SHIFTER 5 4 3 2 1 0 MODEM (SLAVE)
Figure 5 shows the SPI system level diagram.
SPSCK1
SPICLK
CLOCK GENERATOR
PTE2/SS1
CE
Figure 5. SPI System Block Diagram
Figure 5 shows the SPI modules of the MCU and modem in the master-slave arrangement. The MCU (master) initiates all SPI transfers. During a transfer, the master shifts data out (on the MOSI pin) to the slave while simultaneously shifting data in (on the MISO pin) from the slave. Although the SPI interface supports simultaneous data exchange between master and slave, the modem SPI protocol only uses data exchange in one direction at a time. The SPSCK signal is a clock output from the master and an input to the slave. The slave device must be selected by a low level on the slave select input (SS1 pin).
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 15
4
4.1
802.15.4 Standard Modem
Block Diagram
Symbol Synch & Det
Correlator
1st IF Mix er LNA IF = 65 MHz
2nd IF Mix er IF = 1 MHz PMA
Decimation Baseband Matched Filter Mix er Filter Packet Processor
Analog Regulator Pow er-Up Control Logic Digital Regulator L Digital Regulator H Cry stal Regulator
VDDA VBATT VDDINT VDDD
CCA
DCD
RFIN_P (PAO_P) RFIN_M (PAO_M) T/ R AGC
Receiv e Packet RAM
Receiv e RAM Arbiter Sequence Manager (Control Logic)
VCO Regulator
VDDVCO
CT_Bias VDDLO2
256 MHz
RXTXEN
/4
Programmable Prescaler
24 Bit Ev ent Timer
XTAL1 XTAL2
Crystal Oscillator
16 MHz
SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE (SPI)
4 Programmable Timer Comparators
CE MOSI MISO SPICLK ATTN RST
Synthesizer
Transmit Packet RAM 2 Transmit Packet RAM 1
GPIO1 GPIO2 GPIO3 GPIO4 GPIO5 GPIO6 GPIO7 Transmit RAM Arbiter Sy mbol Generation IRQ Arbiter IRQ
VDDLO1
2.45 GHz VCO
PAO_P PAO_M
PA
Phase Shift Modulator
MUX
CLKO
FCS Generation
Header Generation
Figure 6. 802.15.4 Standard Modem Block Diagram
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 16 Freescale Semiconductor
4.2
Data Transfer Modes
The 802.15.4 modem has two data transfer modes: 1. Packet Mode -- Data is buffered in on-chip RAM 2. Streaming Mode -- Data is processed word-by-word The Freescale 802.15.4 MAC software only supports the streaming mode of data transfer. For proprietary applications, packet mode can be used to conserve MCU resources.
4.3
Packet Structure
Figure 7 shows the packet structure of the 802.15.4 modem. Payloads of up to 125 bytes are supported. The 802.15.4 modem adds a four-byte preamble, a one-byte Start of Frame Delimiter (SFD), and a one-byte Frame Length Indicator (FLI) before the data. A Frame Check Sequence (FCS) is calculated and appended to the end of the data.
4 bytes Preamble 1 byte SFD 1 byte FLI 125 bytes maximum Payload Data 2 bytes FCS
Figure 7. 802.15.4 modem Packet Structure
4.4
Receive Path Description
In the receive signal path, the RF input is converted to low IF In-phase and Quadrature (I & Q) signals through two down-conversion stages. A Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) can be performed based upon the baseband energy integrated over a specific time interval. The digital back end performs Differential Chip Detection (DCD), the correlator "de-spreads" the Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Offset QPSK (O-QPSK) signal, determines the symbols and packets, and detects the data. The preamble, SFD, and FLI are parsed and used to detect the payload data and FCS (which are stored in RAM in Packet Mode). A two-byte FCS is calculated on the received data and compared to the FCS value appended to the transmitted data, which generates a Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC) result. A parameter of received energy during the reception called the Link Quality Indicator is measured over a 64 s period after the packet preamble and stored in an SPI register. If the 802.15.4 modem is in Packet Mode, the data is stored in RAM and processed as an entire packet. The MCU is notified that an entire packet has been received via an interrupt. If the 802.15.4 modem is in streaming mode, the MCU is notified by a recurring interrupt on a word-by-word basis. Figure 8 shows CCA reported power level versus input power. Note that CCA reported power saturates at about -57 dBm input power which is well above 802.15.4 Standard requirements.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 17
NOTE For both graphs, the required 802.15.4 Standard accuracy and range limits are shown. A 3.5 dBm offset has been programmed into the CCA reporting level to center the level over temperature in the graphs.
-50
Reported Power Level (dBm)
-60
-70
802.15.4 Ac curac y and range Requirements
-80
-90
-100 -90
-80
-70 Input Pow er (dBm)
-60
-50
Figure 8. Reported Power Level versus Input Power in Clear Channel Assessment Mode
Figure 9 shows energy detection/LQI reported level versus input power.
-15 -25 Reported Power Level (dBm) -35 -45 -55 -65 -75 -85 -85 -75 -65 -55 -45 -35 -25 -15 802.15.4 Accuracy and Range Requirements
Figure 9. Reported Power Level Versus Input Power for Energy Detect or Link Quality Indicator
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 18 Freescale Semiconductor
4.5
Transmit Path Description
For the transmit path, the TX data that was previously written to the internal RAM is retrieved (packet mode) or the TX data is clocked in via the SPI (stream mode), formed into packets per the 802.15.4 PHY, spread, and then up-converted to the transmit frequency. If the 802.15.4 modem is in packet mode, data is processed as an entire packet. The data is first loaded into the TX buffer. The MCU then requests that the modem transmit the data. The MCU is notified via an interrupt when the whole packet has successfully been transmitted. In streaming mode, the data is fed to the 802.15.4 modem on a word-by-word basis with an interrupt serving as a notification that the 802.15.4 modem is ready for more data. This continues until the whole packet is transmitted. In both modes, a two-byte FCS is calculated in hardware from the payload data and appended to the packet. This done without intervention from the user.
4.6
Functional Description
The following sections provide a detailed description of the MC1321x functionality including the operating modes and the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI).
4.6.1
802.15.4 Modem Operational Modes
The 802.15.4 modem has a number of operational modes that allow for low-current operation. Transition from the Off to Idle mode occurs when M_RST is negated. Once in Idle, the SPI is active and is used to control the IC. Transition to Hibernate and Doze modes is enabled via the SPI. These modes are summarized, along with the transition times, in Table 5. Current drain in the various modes is listed in Table 8, DC Electrical Characteristics.
Table 5. 802.15.4 Modem Mode Definitions and Transition Times
Mode Off Hibernate Doze Definition All IC functions Off, Leakage only. M_RST asserted. Digital outputs are tri-stated including IRQ Transition Time To or From Idle 10 - 25 ms to Idle
Crystal Reference Oscillator Off. (SPI not functional.) IC Responds to ATTN. Data 7 - 20 ms to Idle is retained. Crystal Reference Oscillator On but CLKO output available only if Register 7, Bit 9 (300 + 1/CLKO) s to Idle = 1 for frequencies of 1 MHz or less. (SPI not functional.) Responds to ATTN and can be programmed to enter Idle Mode through an internal timer comparator. Crystal Reference Oscillator On with CLKO output available. SPI active. Crystal Reference Oscillator On. Receiver On. Crystal Reference Oscillator On. Transmitter On. 144 s from Idle 144 s from Idle
Idle Receive Transmit
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 19
4.6.2
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
The MCU directs the 802.15.4 modem, checks its status, and reads/writes data to the device through the 4-wire SPI port. The transceiver operates as a SPI slave device only. A transaction between the host and the 802.15.4 modem occurs as multiple 8-bit bursts on the SPI. The modem SPI signals are: 1. Chip Enable (CE) - A transaction on the SPI port is framed by the active low CE input signal. A transaction is a minimum of 3 SPI bursts and can extend to a greater number of bursts. 2. SPI Clock (SPICLK) - The host drives the SPICLK input to the 802.15.4 modem. Data is clocked into the master or slave on the leading (rising) edge of the return-to-zero SPICLK and data out changes state on the trailing (falling) edge of SPICLK. NOTE For the MCU, the SPI clock format is the clock phase control bit CPHA = 0 and the clock polarity control bit CPOL = 0. 3. Master Out/Slave In (MOSI) - Incoming data from the host is presented on the MOSI input. 4. Master In/Slave Out (MISO) - The 802.15.4 modem presents data to the master on the MISO output. Although the SPI port is fully static, internal memory, timer and interrupt arbiters require an internal clock (CLKcore), derived from the crystal reference oscillator, to communicate from the SPI registers to internal registers and memory.
4.6.2.1
SPI Burst Operation
The SPI port of the MCU transfers data in bursts of 8 bits with most significant bit (MSB) first. The master (MCU) can send a byte to the slave (transceiver) on the MOSI line and the slave can send a byte to the master on the MISO line. Although an 802.15.4 modem transaction is three or more SPI bursts long, the timing of a single SPI burst is shown in Figure 10. The maximum SPI clock rate is 8 Mhz from the MCU because the modem is limited by this number.
SPI Burst
CE 1 SPICLK 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
MISO MOSI
Valid Valid
Figure 10. SPI Single Burst Timing Diagram
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5
20
Freescale Semiconductor
4.6.2.2
SPI Transaction Operation
Although the SPI port of the MCU transfers data in bursts of 8 bits, the 802.15.4 modem requires that a complete SPI transaction be framed by CE, and there will be three (3) or more bursts per transaction. The assertion of CE to low signals the start of a transaction. The first SPI burst is a write of an 8-bit header to the transceiver (MOSI is valid) that defines a 6-bit address of the internal resource being accessed and identifies the access as being a read or write operation. In this context, a write is data written to the 802.15.4 modem and a read is data written to the SPI master. The following SPI bursts will be either the write data (MOSI is valid) to the transceiver or read data from the transceiver (MISO is valid). Although the SPI bus is capable of sending data simultaneously between master and slave, the 802.15.4 modem never uses this mode. The number of data bytes (payload) will be a minimum of 2 bytes and can extend to a larger number depending on the type of access. After the final SPI burst, CE is negated to high to signal the end of the transaction. An example SPI read transaction with a 2-byte payload is shown in Figure 11.
CE Clock Burst SPICLK
MISO
Valid
Valid
MOSI
Valid Header Read data
Figure 11. SPI Read Transaction Diagram
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 21
4.7
Modem Crystal Oscillator
The modem crystal oscillator uses the following external pins as shown in Figure 12. 1. XTAL1 - reference oscillator input. 2. XTAL2 - reference oscillator output. Note that this pin should not be loaded as a reference source or to measure frequency; instead use CLKO to measure or supply 16 MHz.
MC1321X
802.15.4 MODEM XTAL1 27 XTAL2 28 CLKO 10
16MHz
Figure 12. Modem Crystal Oscillator
The 802.15.4 Standard requires that several frequency tolerances be kept within 40 ppm accuracy. This means that a total offset up to 80 ppm between transmitter and receiver will still result in acceptable performance. The primary determining factor in meeting the 802.15.4 Standard is the tolerance of the crystal oscillator reference frequency. A number of factors can contribute to this tolerance and a crystal specification will quantify each of them: 1. The initial (or make) tolerance of the crystal resonant frequency itself. 2. The variation of the crystal resonant frequency with temperature. 3. The variation of the crystal resonant frequency with time, also commonly known as aging. 4. The variation of the crystal resonant frequency with load capacitance, also commonly known as pulling. This is affected by: a) The external load capacitor values - initial tolerance and variation with temperature b) The internal trim capacitor values - initial tolerance and variation with temperature c) Stray capacitance on the crystal pin nodes - including stray on-chip capacitance, stray package capacitance and stray board capacitance; and its initial tolerance and variation with temperature Freescale has specified that a 16 MHz crystal with a <9 pF load capacitance is required. The 802.15.4 modem does not contain a reference divider, so 16 MHz is the only frequency that can be used. A crystal requiring higher load capacitance is prohibited because a higher load on the amplifier circuit may compromise its performance. The crystal manufacturer defines the load capacitance as that total external capacitance seen across the two terminals of the crystal. The oscillator amplifier configuration used in the 802.15.4 modem requires two balanced load capacitors from each terminal of the crystal to ground. As such, the capacitors are seen to be in series by the crystal, so each must be <18 pF for proper loading. The modem uses the 16 MHz crystal oscillator as the reference oscillator for the system and a programmable warp capability is provided. It is controlled by programming CLKO_Ctl Register 0A, Bits
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 22 Freescale Semiconductor
15-8 (xtal_trim[7:0]). The trimming procedure varies the frequency by a few hertz per step, depending on the type of crystal. The high end of the frequency spectrum is set when xtal_trim[7:0] is set to zero. As xtal_trim[7:0] is increased, the frequency is decreased. Accuracy of this feature can be observed by varying xtal_trim[7:0] and using a spectrum analyzer or frequency counter to track the change in frequency of the crystal signal. The reference oscillator frequency can be measured at the CLKO contact by programming CLKO_Ctl Register 0A, Bits 2-0, to value 000. Figure 13 shows typical oscillator frequency decrease versus the value programmed in xtal_trim[7:0].
0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
-100
Frequency Decrease (Hz)
-200
-300
-400
-500
-600
-700
-800
-900
xtal_trim[7:0] (decimal)
Figure 13. Crystal Frequency Variation vs. xtal_trim[7:0]
4.8
Radio Usage
The MC1321x RF analog interface has been designed to provide maximum flexibility as well as low external part count and cost. An on-chip transmit/receive (T/R) switch with bias switch (CT_Bias) can be used for a simple single antenna interface with a balun. Alternately, separate full differential RFIN and PAO outputs can be utilized for separate RX and TX antennae or external LNA and PA designs. Figure 14 shows three possible configurations for the transceiver radio RF usage. 1. Figure 14A shows a single antenna configuration in which the MC1321x internal T/R switch is used. The balun converts the single-ended antenna to differential signals that interface to the RFIN_x (PAO_x) pins of the radio. The CT_Bias pin provides the proper bias point to the balun depending on operation, that is, CT_Bias is at VDDA voltage for transmit and is at ground for receive. The internal T/R switch enables the signal to an onboard LNA for receive and enables the onboard PAs for transmit. 2. Figure 14B shows a single antenna configuration with an external low noise amplifier (LNA) for greater range. An external antenna switch is used to multiplex the antenna between receive and transmit. An LNA is in the receive path to add gain for greater receive sensitivity. Two external baluns are required to convert the single-ended antenna switch signals to the differential signals
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 23
required by the radio. Separate RFIN and PAO signals are provided for connection with the baluns, and the CT_Bias signal is programmed to provide the external switch control. The polarity of the external switch control is selectable. 3. Figure 14C shows a dual antenna configuration where there is a RX antenna and a TX antenna. For the receive side, the RX antenna is ac-coupled to the differential RFIN inputs and these capacitors along with inductor L1 form a matching network. Inductors L2 and L3 are ac-coupled to ground to form a frequency trap. For the transmit side, the TX antenna is connected to the differential PAO outputs, and inductors L4 and L5 provide dc-biasing to VDDA but are ac isolated.
VDD
RFIN_P (PAO_P) Balun L1 RFIN_M (PAO_M)
R F IN _ M (P A O _ M ) A nt Sw L NA B a lun L1 RF IN_ P (P A O _ P )
CT_Bias Bypass PAO_P
B yp a ss
MC1321x
M C 1321x
C T_ B ia s (A nt S w C tl) PA O_P
VDDA
PAO_M
B a lun P A O_M B yp a s s
14A) Using Onboard T/R Switch 14B) Using External Antenna Switch With LNA
RX Antenna
L2
L3
L1
RFIN_P (PAO_P)
RFIN_M (PAO_M)
TX Antenna Bypass VDDA Bypass
MC1321x
L4
L5
CT_Bias
PAO_P
PAO_M
14C) Using Dual Antennae
Figure 14. Using the MC1321x with External RF Components
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 24 Freescale Semiconductor
5
5.1
MCU
MCU Block Diagram
MCU CORE INTERNAL BUS PORT A
8
BDC
CPU
DEBUG MODULE (DBG)
PTA7/KBI1P7- PTA0/KBI1P0
MCU SYSTEM CONTROL RESET RESETS AND INTERRUPTS MODES OF OPERATION POWER MANAGEMENT
8-BIT KEYBOARD INTERRUPT MODULE (KBI1)
PORT B
8 PTB7/AD1P7- PTB0/AD1P0
IRQ
IIC MODULE (IIC) PORT C RTI IRQ COP LVD SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE MODULE (SCI1) USER FLASH (61,268 BYTES MAX)
PTC7 PTC6 PTC5 PTC4 PTC3/SCL1 PTC2/SDA1 PTC1/RxD2 PTC0/TxD2 PTD7/TPM2CH4 PTD6/TPM2CH3 PTD5/TPM2CH2 PTD4/TPM2CH1 PTD3 PTD2/TPM1CH2 PTD1 PTD0 PTE7 PTE6 PTE5/SPSCK PTE4/MOSI PTE3/MISO PTE2/SS PTE1/RxD1 PTE0/TxD1
USER RAM (4096 BYTES MAX)
1-CHANNEL TIMER/PWM MODULE (TPM1)
VREFH VREFL
10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ATD1)
MODULE (TPM2)
PORT F PORT G
INTERNAL CLOCK GENERATOR (ICG) LOW-POWER OSCILLATOR
DEDICATED SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MODULE (SPI)
PORT E
VDDAD VSSAD
4-CHANNEL TIMER/PWM
PORT D
SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE MODULE (SCI2)
See Note 1.
VDD VSS
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
See Note 1.
Notes 1. All Port F and Port G signals are present on the MCU, but only the signals used by the MC1321x are designated. For lowest power operation, all unused I/O should be programmed as outputs during initialization. 2. Timer channels are limited as noted due to use of Port D I/O for internal signals.
PTG2/EXTAL PTG1/XTAL PTG0/BKGD/MS
Figure 15. MCU Block Diagram (HCS08, Version A)
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 25
5.2
MCU Modes of Operation
The MCU has multiple operational modes to facilitate maximum system performance while also providing low-power modes. In the MC1321x, the MCU can use the following modes: * Run * Wait * Stop2 * Stop3 * NOTE The MCU can also be programmed for Stop1 mode, but this mode IS NOT USABLE. The reset to the modem function is controlled by an MCU GPIO and the GPIO state must be maintained during the MCU "stop" condition. Stop1 mode does not control I/O states as required during modem power down condition. To attain specified Stop2 and Stop3 currents, all unused port signals must be programmed to a known state (recommended as outputs in the low state)
*
5.2.1
Run Mode
This is the normal operating mode for the HCS08. This mode is selected when the BKGD/MS pin is high at the rising edge of reset. In this mode, the CPU executes code from internal memory with execution beginning at the address fetched from memory at $FFFE:$FFFF after reset.
5.2.2
Wait Mode
Wait Mode is entered by executing a WAIT instruction. Upon execution of the WAIT instruction, the CPU enters a low-power state in which it is not clocked. The I bit in CCR is cleared when the CPU enters the wait mode, enabling interrupts. When an interrupt request occurs, the CPU exits the wait mode and resumes processing, beginning with the stacking operations leading to the interrupt service routine. While the MCU is in Wait Mode, there are some restrictions on which background debug commands can be used. Only the BACKGROUND command and memory-access-with-status commands are available when the MCU is in wait mode. The memory-access-with-status commands do not allow memory access, but they report an error indicating that the MCU is in either stop or wait mode. The BACKGROUND command can be used to wake the MCU from Wait Mode and enter active background mode.
5.2.3
Stop 2
The Stop2 Mode provides very low standby power consumption and maintains the contents of RAM and the current state of all of the I/O pins. Stop2 can be entered only if the LVD circuit is not enabled in Stop Modes (either LVDE or LVDSE not set).
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 26 Freescale Semiconductor
Before entering Stop2 Mode, the user must save the contents of the I/O port registers, as well as any other memory-mapped registers they want to restore after exit of Stop2, to locations in RAM. Upon exit of Stop2, these values can be restored by user software before pin latches are opened. When the MCU is in Stop2 Mode, all internal circuits that are powered from the voltage regulator are turned off, except for the RAM. The voltage regulator is in a low-power standby state, as is the ATD. Upon entry into Stop2, the states of the I/O pins are latched. The states are held while in Stop2 Mode and after exiting Stop2 Mode until a 1 is written to PPDACK in SPMSC2. Exit from Stop2 is performed by asserting either of the wake-up pins: RESET or IRQ, or by an RTI interrupt. IRQ is always an active low input when the MCU is in Stop2, regardless of how it was configured before entering Stop2. Upon wake-up from Stop2 Mode, the MCU will start up as from a power-on reset (POR) except pin states remain latched. The CPU will take the reset vector. The system and all peripherals will be in their default reset states and must be initialized. After waking up from Stop2, the PPDF bit in SPMSC2 is set. This flag may be used to direct user code to go to a Stop2 recovery routine. PPDF remains set and the I/O pin states remain latched until a 1 is written to PPDACK in SPMSC2. To maintain I/O state for pins that were configured as general-purpose I/O, the user must restore the contents of the I/O port registers, which have been saved in RAM, to the port registers before writing to the PPDACK bit. If the port registers are not restored from RAM before writing to PPDACK, then the register bits will assume their reset states when the I/O pin latches are opened and the I/O pins will switch to their reset states. For pins that were configured as peripheral I/O, the user must reconfigure the peripheral module that interfaces to the pin before writing to the PPDACK bit. If the peripheral module is not enabled before writing to PPDACK, the pins will be controlled by their associated port control registers when the I/O latches are opened. A separate self-clocked source (approximately 1 kHz) for the real-time interrupt allows a walk-up from Stop2 or Stop3 Modes with no external components. When RTIS2:RTIS1:RTIS0 = 0:0:0, the real-time interrupt function and this 1-kHz source are disabled. Power consumption is lower when the 1-kHz source is disabled, but in that case the real-time interrupt cannot wake the MCU from stop.
5.2.4
Stop3
Upon entering the Stop3 Mode, all of the clocks in the MCU, including the oscillator itself, are halted. The ICG is turned off, the ATD is disabled, and the voltage regulator is put in standby. The states of all of the internal registers and logic, as well as the RAM content, are maintained. The I/O pin states are not latched at the pin as in Stop2. Instead they are maintained by virtue of the states of the internal logic driving the pins being maintained. Exit from Stop3 is performed by asserting RESET, an asynchronous interrupt pin, or through the real-time interrupt. The asynchronous interrupt pins are the IRQ or KBI pins.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 27
If Stop3 is exited by means of the RESET pin, then the MCU will be reset and operation will resume after taking the reset vector. Exit by means of an asynchronous interrupt or the real-time interrupt will result in the MCU taking the appropriate interrupt vector. A separate self-clocked source (approximately1 kHz) for the real-time interrupt allows a wake up from Stop2 or Stop3 Modes with no external components. When RTIS2:RTIS1:RTIS0 = 0:0:0, the real-time interrupt function and this 1-kHz source are disabled. Power consumption is lower when the 1-kHz source is disabled, but in that case the real-time interrupt cannot wake the MCU from stop.
5.3
MCU Memory
As shown in Figure 16, on-chip memory in the MC1321x series of MCUs consists of RAM, FLASH program memory for non-volatile data storage, plus I/O and control/status registers. The registers are divided into three groups: * Direct-page registers ($0000 through $007F) * High-page registers ($1800 through $182B) * Nonvolatile registers ($FFB0 through $FFBF)
DIRECT PAGE REGISTERS $0000 $007F $0080 DIRECT PAGE REGISTERS RAM RAM 4096 BYTES $107F $1080 FLASH 1920 BYTES $17FF $1800 HIGH PAGE REGISTERS $182B $182C UNIMPLEMENTED 26580 BYTES FLASH 59348 BYTES FLASH 32768 BYTES FLASH 16384 BYTES $FFFF MC13213 MC13212 $FFFF MC13211 $FFFF $BFFF $C000 $7FFF $8000 UNIMPLEMENTED 42964 BYTES HIGH PAGE REGISTERS $182B $182C $17FF $1800 HIGH PAGE REGISTERS $182B $182C $17FF $1800 UNIMPLEMENTED 4992 BYTES 3968 BYTES 2048 BYTES $087F $0880 UNIMPLEMENTED $0000 $007F $0080 DIRECT PAGE REGISTERS RAM 1024 BYTES $0000 $007F $0080 $047F $0480
Figure 16. MC1321X Memory Maps
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 28 Freescale Semiconductor
5.4
MCU Internal Clock Generator (ICG)
The ICG provides multiple options for MCU clock sources. This block along with the ability to provide the MCU clock form the modem offers a user great flexibility when making choices between cost, precision, current draw, and performance. As seen in Figure 17, the ICG consists of four functional blocks. * Oscillator Block -- The Oscillator Block provides means for connecting an external crystal or resonator. Two frequency ranges are software selectable to allow optimal start-up and stability. Alternatively, the oscillator block can be used to route an external square wave to the MCU system clock. External sources such as the modem CLKO output can provide a low cost source or a very precise clock source. The oscillator is capable of being configured for low power mode or high amplitude mode as selected by HGO. * Internal Reference Generator -- The Internal Reference Generator consists of two controlled clock sources. One is designed to be approximately 8 MHz and can be selected as a local clock for the background debug controller. The other internal reference clock source is typically 243 kHz and can be trimmed for finer accuracy via software when a precise timed event is input to the MCU. This provides a highly reliable, low-cost clock source. * Frequency-Locked Loop -- A Frequency-Locked Loop (FLL) stage takes either the internal or external clock source and multiplies it to a higher frequency. Status bits provide information when the circuit has achieved lock and when it falls out of lock. Additionally, this block can monitor the external reference clock and signals whether the clock is valid or not. * Clock Select Block -- The Clock Select Block provides several switch options for connecting different clock sources to the system clock tree. ICGDCLK is the multiplied clock frequency out of the FLL, ICGERCLK is the reference clock frequency from the crystal or external clock source, and FFE (fixed frequency enable) is a control signal used to control the system fixed frequency clock (XCLK). ICGLCLK is the clock source for the background debug controller (BDC). The module is intended to be very user friendly with many of the features occurring automatically without user intervention.
5.4.1
Features
Features of the ICG and clock distribution system: * Several options for the MCU primary clock source allow a wide range of cost, frequency, and precision choices: -- 32 kHz-100 kHz crystal or resonator -- 1 MHz-16 MHz crystal or resonator -- External clock supplied by modem CLKO or other source -- Internal reference generator * Defaults to self-clocked mode to minimize startup delays * Frequency-locked loop (FLL) generates 8 MHz to 40 MHz (for bus rates up to 20 MHz). When using modem CLKO as external source, maximum FLL frequency is 32 MHz (16 MHz bus rate) with CLKO = 16 MHz or maximum FLL frequency is 40 MHz (20 MHz bus rate) with CLKO = 4 MHz.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 29
* * * *
* * * * *
-- Uses external or internal clock as reference frequency Automatic lockout of non-running clock sources Reset or interrupt on loss of clock or loss of FLL lock Digitally-controlled oscillator (DCO) preserves previous frequency settings, allowing fast frequency lock when recovering from stop3 mode DCO will maintain operating frequency during a loss or removal of reference clock. When FLL is engaged (FEE or FEI) loss of lock or loss of clock adds a divide-by-2 to ICG to prevent over-clocking of the system. Post-FLL divider selects 1 of 8 bus rate divisors (/1 through /128) Separate self-clocked source for real-time interrupt Trimmable internal clock source supports SCI communications without additional external components Automatic FLL engagement after lock is acquired Selectable low-power/high-gain oscillator modes
5.4.2
Modes of Operation
This section provides a high-level description only. * Mode 1 -- Off The output clock, ICGOUT, is static. This mode may be entered when the STOP instruction is executed. * Mode 2 -- Self-clocked (SCM) Default mode of operation that is entered out of reset. The ICG's FLL is open loop and the digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) is free running at a frequency set by the filter bits. * Mode 3 -- FLL engaged internal (FEI) In this mode, the ICG's FLL is used to create frequencies that are programmable multiples of the internal reference clock. -- FLL engaged internal unlocked is a transition state which occurs while the FLL is attempting to lock. The FLL DCO frequency is off target and the FLL is adjusting the DCO to match the target frequency. -- FLL engaged internal locked is a state which occurs when the FLL detects that the DCO is locked to a multiple of the internal reference. * Mode 4 -- FLL bypassed external (FBE) In this mode, the ICG is configured to bypass the FLL and use an external clock as the clock source. * Mode 5 -- FLL engaged external (FEE) The ICG's FLL is used to generate frequencies that are programmable multiples of the external clock reference. -- FLL engaged external unlocked is a transition state which occurs while the FLL is attempting to lock. The FLL DCO frequency is off target and the FLL is adjusting the DCO to match the target frequency.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 30 Freescale Semiconductor
-- FLL engaged external locked is a state which occurs when the FLL detects that the DCO is locked to a multiple of the internal reference. Figure 17 is a top-level diagram that shows the functional organization of the internal clock generation (ICG) module.
PTG2/EXTAL OSCILLATOR (OSC) WITH EXTERNAL REF SELECT PTG1/XTAL ICGDCLK FREQUENCY LOCKED LOOP (FLL) DCO ICG CLOCK SELECT ICGERCLK OUTPUT CLOCK SELECT
/R ICGOUT
REF SELECT VDD
VSS
LOSS OF LOCK AND CLOCK DETECTOR FIXED CLOCK SELECT IRG TYP 243 kHz INTERNAL REFERENCE GENERATORS 8 MHz RG ICGIRCLK
FFE
LOCAL CLOCK FOR OPTIONAL USE WITH BDC ICGLCLK
Figure 17. ICG Block Diagram
5.5
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The HCS08 CPU is fully source- and object-code-compatible with the M68HC08 CPU. Several instructions and enhanced addressing modes were added to improve C compiler efficiency and to support a new background debug system which replaces the monitor mode of earlier M68HC08 microcontrollers (MCU).
5.5.1
CPU Features
Features of the CPU include: * Object code fully upward-compatible with M68HC05 and M68HC08 Families * All registers and memory are mapped to a single 64-Kbyte address space * 16-bit stack pointer (any size stack anywhere in 64-Kbyte address space) * 16-bit index register (H:X) with powerful indexed addressing modes * 8-bit accumulator (A) * Many instructions treat X as a second general-purpose 8-bit register * Seven addressing modes:
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 31
* * * * *
-- Inherent -- Operands in internal registers -- Relative -- 8-bit signed offset to branch destination -- Immediate -- Operand in next object code byte(s) -- Direct -- Operand in memory at 0x0000-0x00FF -- Extended -- Operand anywhere in 64-Kbyte address space -- Indexed relative to H:X -- Five submodes including auto increment -- Indexed relative to SP -- Improves C efficiency dramatically Memory-to-memory data move instructions with four address mode combinations Overflow, half-carry, negative, zero, and carry condition codes support conditional branching on the results of signed, unsigned, and binary-coded decimal (BCD) operations Efficient bit manipulation instructions Fast 8-bit by 8-bit multiply and 16-bit by 8-bit divide instructions STOP and WAIT instructions to invoke low-power operating modes
5.5.2
Programmer's Model and CPU Registers
Figure 18 shows the five CPU registers. CPU registers are not part of the memory map.
7 ACCUMULATOR 16-BIT INDEX REGISTER H:X H INDEX REGISTER (HIGH) INDEX REGISTER (LOW) 15 8 7 0 SP 0 PROGRAM COUNTER 7 CONDITION CODE REGISTER V11H I 0 NZC CCR PC X 0 A
STACK POINTER 15
CARRY ZERO NEGATIVE INTERRUPT MASK HALF-CARRY (FROM BIT 3) TWO'S COMPLEMENT OVERFLOW
Figure 18. CPU Registers
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 32 Freescale Semiconductor
5.6
Parallel Input/Output
The MC1321x HCS08 has seven I/O ports which include a total of 56 general-purpose I/O signals (one of these pins, PTG0, is output only). The MC1321x family does not use all the these signals as denoted in Figure 15. Port F and part of port G are not utilized. The MC1321x family makes use of the remaining I/O as pinned-out I/O or as internally dedicated signal for communication with the 802.15.4 modem. As stated above port F and part of port G are not utilized. These signals and any unused IO should be programmed as outputs during initialization for lowest power operation. Many of these pins are shared with on-chip peripherals such as timer systems, various communication ports, or keyboard interrupts. When these other modules are not controlling the port pins, they revert to general-purpose I/O control. For each I/O pin, a port data bit provides access to input (read) and output (write) data, a data direction bit controls the direction of the pin, and a pullup enable bit enables an internal pullup device (provided the pin is configured as an input), and a slew rate control bit controls the rise and fall times of the pins.Parallel I/O features include: * A total of 32 general-purpose I/O pins in seven ports (PTG0 is output only) * High-current drivers on port C * Hysteresis input buffers * Software-controlled pullups on each input pin * Software-controlled slew rate output buffers * Eight port A pins shared with KBI1 * Eight port B pins shared with ATD1 * Eight high-current port C pins shared with SCI2 and IIC1 * Eight port D pins shared with TPM1 and TPM2 * Eight port E pins shared with SCI1 and SPI1 * Eight port G pins shared with EXTAL, XTAL, and BKGD/MS NOTE Not all port G signals and no port F signals are bonded out, but are present in the MCU hardware (see Figure 15). These port I/O signals should be programmed as outputs set to the low state.
5.7
5.7.1
MCU Peripherals
Modem Dedicated Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Module
The HCS08 provides one serial peripheral interface (SPI) module which is connected within the SiP to the modem SPI port. The four pins associated with SPI functionality are shared with port E pins 2-5. When the SPI is enabled, the direction of pins is controlled by module configuration. The MCU SPI port is used only in master mode on the MC1321x family. The user must program the SPI module for the proper characteristics as listed in the features below and also program the SS signal to have the proper use to support the modem transaction protocol for the modem CE signal.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 33
5.7.1.1
SPI Features
Features of the SPI module use include: * Used in master mode only * Programmable transmit bit rate (maximum usable rate is 8 MHz with modem) * Double-buffered transmit and receive * Serial clock phase and polarity option must be programmed to CPHA = 0 and CPOL = 0 * Programmable slave select output to support modem SPI protocol * MSB-first data transfer
5.7.1.2
SPI Module Block Diagram
Figure 19 is a block diagram of the SPI module. The central element of the SPI is the SPI shift register. Data is written to the double-buffered transmitter (write to SPI1D) and gets transferred to the SPI shift register at the start of a data transfer. After shifting in a byte of data, the data is transferred into the double-buffered receiver where it can be read (read from SPI1D). Pin multiplexing logic controls connections between MCU pins and the SPI module. When the SPI is configured as a master, the clock output is routed to the SPSCK pin, the shifter output is routed to MOSI, and the shifter input is routed from the MISO pin.
PIN CONTROL M
SPE Tx BUFFER (WRITE
MOSI MOSI
S
ENABLE SPI SYSTEM SHIFT OUT
SPI SHIFT REGISTER
M SHIFT IN
SPC0 BIDIROE
MISO
S
MISO
Rx BUFFER (READ) LSBFE Rx BUFFER SHIFT SHIFT Tx BUFFER DIRECTION CLOCK FULL EMPTY
MODEM SPI PORT
BUS RATE SPIBR CLOCK CLOCK GENERATOR MSTR MASTER/SLAVE MODE SELECT
MASTER CLOCK
CLOCK LOGIC
M S MASTER/ SLAVE
SPSCK SPICLK
SLAVE CLOCK
MOD-
MODE FAULT DETECTION
SSOE
SS
CE
Connected onboard SiP
SPRF SPTEF SPTIE
MODF SPIE
SPI INTERRUPT REQUEST
Figure 19. Modem Dedicated SPI Block Diagram
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 34 Freescale Semiconductor
5.7.2
Keyboard Interrupt (KBI) Module
The HCS08 has one KBI module with eight keyboard interrupt inputs that share port A pins. The KBI module allows up to eight pins to act as additional interrupt sources. Four of these pins allow falling-edge sensing while the other four can be configured for either rising-edge sensing or falling-edge sensing. The sensing mode for all eight pins can also be modified to detect edges and levels instead of only edges. This on-chip peripheral module is called a keyboard interrupt (KBI) module because originally it was designed to simplify the connection and use of row-column matrices of keyboard switches. However, these inputs are also useful as extra external interrupt inputs and as an external means of waking up the MCU from stop or wait low-power modes.
5.7.3
KBI Features
The keyboard interrupt (KBI) module features include: * Keyboard interrupts selectable on eight port pins: -- Four falling-edge/low-level sensitive -- Four falling-edge/low-level or rising-edge/high-level sensitive -- Choice of edge-only or edge-and-level sensitivity -- Common interrupt flag and interrupt enable control -- Capable of waking up the MCU from stop3 or wait mode
5.7.3.1
KBI Block Diagram
Figure 20 shows the block diagram for the KBI module.
KBIP0 KBIPE0 BUSCLK KBF SYNCHRONIZER CK S KBIPE4 KEYBOARD INTERRUPT FF KBIMOD KBIE S KBIPEn STOP STOP BYPASS KEYBOARD INTERRUPT REQUEST
KBIP3 KBIPE3 1 KBIP4 0 VDD D CLR Q
KBACK RESET
KBEDG4
1 KBIPn 0
KBEDGn
Figure 20. KBI Block Diagram
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 35
5.7.4
Timer/PWM (TPM) Module Introduction
The HCS08 includes two independent Timer/PWM (TPM) modules which support traditional input capture, output compare, or buffered edge-aligned pulse-width modulation (PWM) on each channel. A control bit in each TPM configures all channels in that timer to operate as center-aligned PWM functions. In each of these two TPMs, timing functions are based on a separate 16-bit counter with prescaler and modulo features to control frequency and range (period between overflows) of the time reference. This timing system is ideally suited for a wide range of control applications, and the center-aligned PWM capability on the 3-channel TPM extends the field of applications to motor control in small appliances. The use of the fixed system clock, XCLK, as the clock source for either of the TPM modules allows the TPM prescaler to run using the oscillator rate divided by two (ICGERCLK/2). This clock source must be selected only if the ICG is configured in either FBE or FEE mode. In FBE mode, this selection is redundant because the BUSCLK frequency is the same as XCLK. In FEE mode, the proper conditions must be met for XCLK to equal ICGERCLK/2. Selecting XCLK as the clock source with the ICG in either FEI or SCM mode will result in the TPM being non-functional.
5.7.4.1
TPM Features
The timer system in the MC1321x family MCU includes a one external 4-channel (5-channel internal) TPM1 and one external 1-channel (3-channel internal) TPM2. Timer system features include * A total of 5 external channels: -- Each channel may be input capture, output compare, or buffered edge-aligned PWM -- Rising-edge, falling-edge, or any-edge input capture trigger -- Set, clear, or toggle output compare action -- Selectable polarity on PWM outputs * Each TPM may be configured for buffered, center-aligned pulse-width modulation (CPWM) on all channels * Clock source to prescaler for each TPM is independently selectable as bus clock, fixed system clock, or an external pin * Prescale taps for divide by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128 * 16-bit free-running or up/down (CPWM) count operation * 16-bit modulus register to control counter range * Timer system enable * One interrupt per channel plus terminal count interrupt
5.7.4.2
TPM Block Diagram
The TPM uses one input/output (I/O) pin per channel, TPMxCHn where x is the TPM number (for example, 1 or 2) and n is the channel number (for example, 1-4). The TPM shares its I/O pins with general-purpose I/O port pins. Figure 21 shows the structure of a TPM. Some MCUs include more than one TPM, with various numbers of channels.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 36 Freescale Semiconductor
BUSCLK XCLK
CLOCK SOURCE SELECT SYNC OFF, BUS, XCLK, EXT
PRESCALE AND SELECT DIVIDE BY 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128
TPM1) EXT CLK CLKSB CPWMS
MAIN 16-BIT COUNTER COUNTER RESET 16-BIT COMPARATOR
TPM1MODH:TPM1MODL
CLKSA
PS2
PS1
PS0
TOF TFIE
INTERRUPT LOGIC
CHANNEL 1 16-BIT COMPARATOR
ELS1B
ELS1A
PORT LOGIC
TPM1CH1
TPM1C1VH:TPM1C1VL
16-BIT LATCH
CH1F
INTERRUPT LOGIC
MS1B
MS1A
CH1IE
Figure 21. TPM Block Diagram
5.7.5
Serial Communications Interface (SCI) Module
The HCS08 includes two independent serial communications interface (SCI) modules -- sometimes called universal asynchronous receiver/transmitters (UARTs). Typically, these systems are used to connect to the RS232 serial input/output (I/O) port of a personal computer or workstation, and they can also be used to communicate with other embedded controllers. A flexible, 13-bit, modulo-based baud rate generator supports a broad range of standard baud rates beyond 115.2 kbaud. Transmit and receive within the same SCI use a common baud rate, and each SCI module has a separate baud rate generator. This SCI system offers many advanced features not commonly found on other asynchronous serial I/O peripherals on other embedded controllers. The receiver employs an advanced data sampling technique that ensures reliable communication and noise detection. Hardware parity, receiver wakeup, and double buffering on transmit and receive are also included.
5.7.5.1
SCI Features
Features of SCI module include: * Full-duplex, standard non-return-to-zero (NRZ) format * Double-buffered transmitter and receiver with separate enables * Programmable baud rates (13-bit modulo divider) * Interrupt-driven or polled operation: -- Transmit data register empty and transmission complete
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 37
* * *
-- Receive data register full -- Receive overrun, parity error, framing error, and noise error -- Idle receiver detect Hardware parity generation and checking Programmable 8-bit or 9-bit character length Receiver walk-up by idle-line or address-mark
5.7.5.2
SCI Block Diagrams
The SCI allows full-duplex, asynchronous, NRZ serial communication among the MCU and remote devices, including other MCUs. The SCI comprises a baud rate generator, transmitter, and receiver block. The transmitter and receiver operate independently, although they use the same baud rate generator. During normal operation, the MCU monitors the status of the SCI, writes the data to be transmitted, and processes received data. Figure 22 and Figure 23 show the SCI transmitter and receiver block diagrams.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 38 Freescale Semiconductor
INTERNAL BUS
(WRITE-ONLY)
LOOPS
SCID - Tx BUFFER
RSRC
LOOP STOP
M
11-BIT TRANSMIT SHIFT REGISTER 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LSB
START
CONTROL
TO RECEIVE DATA IN
1 BAUD RATE CLOCK
H
L
TO TxD1 PIN
SHIFT DIRECTION
PREAMBLE (ALL 1s)
T8
PE PT
PARITY GENERATION
LOAD FROM SCIxD
BREAK (ALL 0s) SCI CONTROLS TxD1
TE
ENABLE TRANSMIT CONTROL
SHIFT ENABLE
SBK TXDIR
TxD1 DIRECTION
TO TxD1 PIN LOGIC
TDRE TIE
Tx INTERRUPT REQUEST
TC TCIE
Figure 22. SCI Transmitter
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 39
INTERNAL BUS
(READ-ONLY) SCID - Rx BUFFER 16 BAUD RATE CLOCK DIVIDE BY 16 STOP START L
M
11-BIT RECEIVE SHIFT REGISTER 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
H MSB FROM RxD1 PIN DATA RECOVERY ALL 1s
0
SHIFT DIRECTION
LOOPS RSRC
SINGLE-WIRE LOOP CONTROL
WAKE ILT
WAKEUP LOGIC
RWU
FROM TRANSMITTER
RDRF RIE IDLE ILIE OR ORIE FE FEIE
ERROR INTERRUPT REQUEST Rx INTERRUPT REQUEST
NF NEIE PE PT
PARITY CHECKING
PF PEIE
Figure 23. SCI Receiver
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 40 Freescale Semiconductor
LSB
5.7.6
Inter-Integrated Circuit (IIC) Module
The HCS08 microcontroller provides one inter-integrated circuit (IIC) module for communication with other integrated circuits. The two pins associated with this module, SDA and SCL share port C pins 2 and 3, respectively. All functionality as described in this section is available on HCS08. When the IIC is enabled, the direction of pins is controlled by module configuration. If the IIC is disabled, both pins can be used as general-purpose I/O. The inter-integrated circuit (IIC) provides a method of communication between a number of devices{statement}. The interface is designed to operate up to 100 kbps with maximum bus loading and timing. The device is capable of operating at higher baud rates, up to a maximum of clock/20, with reduced bus loading. The maximum communication length and the number of devices that can be connected are limited by a maximum bus capacitance of 400 pF.
5.7.6.1
IIC Features
The IIC includes these features: * IP bus V2.0 compliant Compatible with IIC bus standard * Multi-master operation {statement} * Software programmable for one of 64 different serial clock frequencies {iic_prescale.asm} * Software selectable acknowledge bit {iic_ack.asm} * Interrupt driven byte-by-byte data transfer {iic_int.asm} * Arbitration lost interrupt with automatic mode switching from master to slave {iic_int.asm} * Calling address identification interrupt {iic_int.asm} * START and STOP signal generation/detection {iic_transmit.asm}{iic_receive.asm}{iic_receive_addon.asm} * Repeated START signal generation {iic_transmit.asm} * Acknowledge bit generation/detection {iic_ack.asm} * Bus busy detection {iic_bus_busy.asm}
5.7.6.2
IIC Modes of Operation
The IIC functions the same in normal and monitor modes. A brief description of the IIC in the various MCU modes is given here. Run mode This is the basic mode of operation. To conserve power in this mode, disable the module. Wait mode The module will continue to operate while the MCU is in wait mode and can provide a wake-up interrupt. Stop mode The IIC is inactive in Stop3 Mode for reduced power consumption. The STOP instruction does not affect IIC register states. Stop1 and Stop2 will reset the register contents.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 41
5.7.6.3
IIC Block Diagram
Figure 24 shows a block diagram of the IIC module.
ADDRESS INTERRUPT ADDR_DECODE DATA_MUX DATA BUS
CTRL_REG
FREQ_REG
ADDR_REG
STATUS_REG
DATA_REG
INPUT SYNC START STOP ARBITRATION CONTROL CLOCK CONTROL ADDRESS COMPARE IN/OUT DATA SHIFT REGISTER
SCL
SDA
Figure 24. IIC Functional Block Diagram
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 42 Freescale Semiconductor
5.7.7
Analog-to-Digital (ATD) Module
The HCS08 provides one 8-channel analog-to-digital (ATD) module. The eight ATD channels share Port B. Each channel individually can be configured for general-purpose I/O or for ATD functionality.
5.7.7.1
* * * * * * *
ATD Features
8-/10-bit resolution 14.0 sec, 10-bit single conversion time at a conversion frequency of 2 MHz Left-/right-justified result data Left-justified signed data mode Conversion complete flag or conversion complete interrupt generation Analog input multiplexer for up to eight analog input channels Single or continuous conversion mode
5.7.7.2
ATD Modes of Operation
The ATD has two modes for low power 1. Stop mode 2. Power-down mode 5.7.7.2.1 ATD Stop Mode
When the MCU goes into Stop Mode, the MCU stops the clocks and the ATD analog circuitry is turned off, placing the module into a low-power state. Once in stop mode, the ATD module aborts any single or continuous conversion in progress. Upon exiting stop mode, no conversions occur and the registers have their previous values. As long as the ATDPU bit is set prior to entering stop mode, the module is reactivated coming out of stop. 5.7.7.2.2 ATD Power Down Mode
Clearing the ATDPU bit in register ATD1C also places the ATD module in a low-power state. The ATD conversion clock is disabled and the analog circuitry is turned off, placing the module in power-down mode. (This mode does not remove power to the ATD module.) Once in power-down mode, the ATD module aborts any conversion in progress. Upon setting the ATDPU bit, the module is reactivated. During power-down mode, the ATD registers are still accessible. NOTE The reset state of the ATDPU bit is zero. Therefore, the module is reset into the power-down state.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 43
5.7.7.3
ATD Block Diagram
Figure 25 shows the functional structure of the ATD module.
CONTROL INTERRUPT ADDRESS R/W DATA CONTROL AND STATUS REGISTERS DATA JUSTIFICATION SAR_REG <9:0> RESULT REGISTERS
VDD PRESCALER VSS STATUS
CTL
CTL BUSCLK CLOCK PRESCALER CONVERSION MODE CONTROL BLOCK STATE MACHINE
CONVERSION CLOCK DIGITAL ANALOG POWERDOWN VREFH VREFL VDDAD VSSAD SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATION REGISTER ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ATD) BLOCK AD1P0 AD1P1 AD1P2 AD1P3 INPUT AD1P4 AD1P5 AD1P6 AD1P7 = INTERNAL PINS = CHIP PADS MUX CTL
Figure 25. ATD Block Diagram
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 44 Freescale Semiconductor
CONVERSION REGISTER
5.7.8
Development Support
Development support systems in the include the background debug controller (BDC) and the on-chip debug module (DBG). The BDC provides a single-wire debug interface to the target MCU that provides a convenient interface for programming the on-chip FLASH and other non-volatile memories. The BDC is also the primary debug interface for development and allows non-intrusive access to memory data and traditional debug features such as CPU register modify, breakpoints, and single instruction trace commands. Address and data bus signals are not available on external pins (not even in test modes). Debug is done through commands fed into the MCU via the single-wire background debug interface. The debug module provides a means to selectively trigger and capture bus information so an external development system can reconstruct what happened inside the MCU on a cycle-by-cycle basis without having external access to the address and data signals. The alternate BDC clock source for HCS08 is the ICGLCLK.
5.7.8.1
Development Support Features
Features of the background debug controller (BDC) include: * Single pin for mode selection and background communications * BDC registers are not located in the memory map * SYNC command to determine target communications rate * Non-intrusive commands for memory access * Active background mode commands for CPU register access * GO and TRACE1 commands * BACKGROUND command can wake CPU from stop or wait modes * One hardware address breakpoint built into BDC * Oscillator runs in stop mode, if BDC enabled * COP watchdog disabled while in active background mode Features of the debug module (DBG) include: * Two trigger comparators: -- Two address + read/write (R/W) or -- One full address + data + R/W * Flexible 8-word by 16-bit FIFO (first-in, first-out) buffer for capture information: -- Change-of-flow addresses or -- Event-only data * Two types of breakpoints: -- Tag breakpoints for instruction opcodes -- Force breakpoints for any address access * Nine trigger modes:
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 45
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
A-only A OR B A then B A AND B data (full mode) A AND NOT B data (full mode) Event-only B (store data) A then event-only B (store data) Inside range (A address B) Outside range (address < A or address > B)
6
System Electrical Specification
This section details maximum ratings for the 71 pin LGA package and recommended operating conditions, DC characteristics, and AC characteristics for the modem, and the MCU.
6.1
SiP LGA Package Maximum Ratings
Absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only, and functional operation at the maximum rating is not guaranteed. Stress beyond the limits specified in Table 6 may affect device reliability or cause permanent damage to the device. For functional operating conditions, refer to the remaining tables in this section. This device contains circuitry protecting against damage due to high static voltage or electrical fields; however, it is advised that normal precautions be taken to avoid application of any voltages higher than maximum-rated voltages to this high-impedance circuit. Reliability of operation is enhanced if unused inputs are tied to an appropriate logic voltage level (for instance, either VSS or VDD) or the programmable pull-up resistor associated with the pin is enabled. Table 6 shows the maximum ratings for the 71 Pin LGA package.
Table 6. LGA Package Maximum Ratings
Rating Maximum Junction Temperature Storage Temperature Range Power Supply Voltage Digital Input Voltage RF Input Power Maximum Current into VDD Instantaneous Maximum Current (Single Pin Limit)1, 2, 3 Symbol TJ Tstg VBATT, VDDINT Vin Pmax IDD ID Value 125 -55 to 125 -0.3 to 3.6 -0.3 to (VDDINT + 0.3) 10 120 25 dBm mA mA Unit C C Vdc
Note: Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur. Functional operation should be restricted to the limits in the Electrical Characteristics or Recommended Operating Conditions tables. Note: Meets Human Body Model (HBM) = 2 kV. RF input/output pins have no ESD protection.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 46 Freescale Semiconductor
1
Input must be current limited to the value specified. To determine the value of the required current-limiting resistor, calculate resistance values for positive (VDD) and negative (VSS) clamp voltages, then use the larger of the two resistance values. 2 All functional non-supply pins are internally clamped to VSS and VDD. 3 Power supply must maintain regulation within operating VDD range during instantaneous and operating maximum current conditions. If positive injection current (VIn > VDD) is greater than IDD, the injection current may flow out of VDD and could result in external power supply going out of regulation. Ensure external VDD load will shunt current greater than maximum injection current. This will be the greatest risk when the MCU is not consuming power. Examples are: if no system clock is present, or if the clock rate is very low which would reduce overall power consumption.
6.2
6.2.1
802.15.4 Modem Electrical Characteristics
Modem Recommended Operating Conditions
Table 7. Recommended Operating Conditions
Characteristic Symbol VBATT, VDDINT fin TA VIL VIH fSPI Pmax fref Min 2.0 2.405 -40 0 70% VDDINT Typ 2.7 25 Max 3.4 2.480 85 30% VDDINT VDDINT 8.0 10 Unit Vdc GHz C V V MHz dBm
Power Supply Voltage (VBATT = VDDINT)1 Input Frequency Operating Temperature Range Logic Input Voltage Low Logic Input Voltage High SPI Clock Rate RF Input Power Crystal Reference Oscillator Frequency (40 ppm over operating conditions to meet the 802.15.4 Standard.)
1
16 MHz Only
If the supply voltage is produced by a switching DC-DC converter, ripple should be less than 100 mV peak-to-peak.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 47
6.2.2
Modem DC Electrical Characteristics
Table 8. DC Electrical Characteristics
(VBATT, VDDINT = 2.7 V, TA = 25 C, unless otherwise noted) Characteristic Symbol Min Typ Max Unit
Power Supply Current (VBATT + VDDINT) Off1 Hibernate1 Doze (No CLKO)1 2 Idle Transmit Mode (0 dBm nominal output power) Receive Mode Input Current (VIN = 0 V or VDDINT) (All digital inputs) Input Low Voltage (All digital inputs)
Ileakage ICCH ICCD ICCI ICCT ICCR IIN VIL
0
0.2 1.0 35 500 30 37 -
1.0 6.0 102 800 35 42 1 30% VDDINT VDDINT VDDINT 20% VDDINT
A A A A mA mA A V
Input High Voltage (all digital inputs) Output High Voltage (IOH = -1 mA) (All digital outputs) Output Low Voltage (IOL = 1 mA) (All digital outputs)
1
VIH VOH VOL
70% VDDINT 80% VDDINT 0
-
V V V
To attain specified low power current, all GPIO and other digital IO must be handled properly. See Section 7.2, "Low Power Considerations. 2 CLKO frequency at default value of 32.786 kHz.
6.2.3
Modem AC Electrical Characteristics
NOTE All AC parameters measured with SPI Registers at default settings except where noted.
Table 9. Receiver AC Electrical Characteristics
(VBATT, VDDINT = 2.7 V, TA = 25 C, fref = 16 MHz, unless otherwise noted.) Characteristic Symbol SENSper Min SENSmax Typ -92 -92 10 34 29 44 44 46 Max -87 Unit dBm dBm dBm dB dB dB dB dB
Sensitivity for 1% Packet Error Rate (PER) (-40 to +85 C) Sensitivity for 1% Packet Error Rate (PER) (+25 C) Saturation (maximum input level) Channel Rejection for dual port mode (1% PER and desired signal -82 dBm) +5 MHz (adjacent channel) -5 MHz (adjacent channel) +10 MHz (alternate channel) -10 MHz (alternate channel) >= 15 MHz
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 48 Freescale Semiconductor
Table 9. Receiver AC Electrical Characteristics
(VBATT, VDDINT = 2.7 V, TA = 25 C, fref = 16 MHz, unless otherwise noted.) Characteristic Frequency Error Tolerance Symbol Rate Error Tolerance Symbol Min Typ Max 200 80 Unit kHz ppm
Table 10. Transmitter AC Electrical Characteristics
(VBATT, VDDINT = 2.7 V, TA = 25 C, fref = 16 MHz, unless otherwise noted.) Characteristic Power Spectral Density (-40 to +85 C) Absolute limit Power Spectral Density (-40 to +85 C) Relative limit Nominal Output Power1 Maximum Output Power2 Error Vector Magnitude Ouput Power Control Range Over the Air Data Rate 2nd Harmonic3 3rd Harmonic3
1 2
Symbol
Min -
Typ -47 47 0 3
Max 2
Unit dBm
Pout
-4
dBm dBm
EVM
-
18 30 250 -48 -70
35 -
% dB kbps dBc dBc
SPI Register 12 is default value of 0x00BC which sets output power to nominal (-1 dBm typical). SPI Register 12 programmed to 0xFF which sets output power to maximum. 3 Measured with output power set to nominal (0 dBm) and temperature @ 25 C
VDDA L10 4.7nH 3 C17 1.0pF 44 39 38 36 35 34 L11 LDB212G4005C-001 4.7nH C12 10pF L13 3.3nH 3 MC1321x C18 1.8pF L14 LDB212G4005C-001 3.3nH 2 4 Z5 1 5 6 10pF C14 3 1 2 2 4 Z4 1 5 6 IC2 OUT2 VDD OUT1 IN GND VCONT PG2012TK-E2 L12 2.2nH C15 1.8pF 6 C16 5 4 10pF 2 3 4 5 1 J3 SMA_edge_Recep 10pF C13
U4 GPIO1 PAO_M PAO_P RFIN_P RFIN_M CT_Bias
Figure 26. RF Parametric Evaluation Circuit
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 49
Table 11. RF Port Impedance
Characteristic RFIN Pins for internal T/R switch configuration, TX mode 2.405 GHz 2.442 GHz 2.480 GHz RFIN Pins for internal or external T/R switch configuration, RX mode 2.405 GHz 2.442 GHz 2.480 GHz PAO Pins for external T/R switch configuration, TX mode 2.405 GHz 2.442 GHz 2.480 GHz Symbol Typ Unit
Zin
16.2 - j139 16.0 - j136 15.7 - j133 12.6 - j93.7 12.5 - j91.4 12.4 - j89.3 18.5 - j148 18.3 - j146 18.2 - j143
Zin
Zin
6.3
6.3.1
MCU Electrical Characteristics
MCU DC Characteristics
Table 12. MCU DC Characteristics (Temperature Range = -40 to 85C Ambient)
Parameter Symbol VDD 1.8 2.08 VRAM VLVDH 2.08 2.16 VLVDL 1.80 1.88 VLVWH 2.35 2.35 VLVWL 2.08 2.16 VRearm 0.20 0.50 VIH VIH 0.70 x VDD 0.85 x VDD 0.30 0.80 0.40 1.2 -- -- V V V 2.1 2.19 2.2 2.27 2.40 2.40 V 1.82 1.90 1.91 1.99 2.5 V 2.1 2.19 2.2 2.27 V 1.02 3.6 3.6 -- V V Min Typical1 Max Unit V
Supply voltage (run, wait and stop modes.) 0 < fBus < 8 MHz 0 < fBus < 20 MHz Minimum RAM retention supply voltage applied to VDD Low-voltage detection threshold -- high range (VDD falling) (VDD rising) Low-voltage detection threshold -- low range (VDD falling) (VDD rising) Low-voltage warning threshold -- high range (VDD falling) (VDD rising) Low-voltage warning threshold -- low range (VDD falling) (VDD rising) Power on reset (POR) re-arm voltage(2) Mode = stop Mode = run and Wait Input high voltage (VDD > 2.3 V) (all digital inputs) Input high voltage (1.8 V VDD 2.3 V) (all digital inputs)
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 50 Freescale Semiconductor
Table 12. MCU DC Characteristics (continued) (Temperature Range = -40 to 85C Ambient)
Parameter Input low voltage (VDD > 2.3 V) (all digital inputs) Input low voltage (1.8 V VDD 2.3 V) (all digital inputs) Input hysteresis (all digital inputs) Input leakage current (per pin) VIn = VDD or VSS, all input only pins High impedance (off-state) leakage current (per pin) VIn = VDD or VSS, all input/output Internal pullup and pulldown resistors3 (all port pins and IRQ) Internal pulldown resistors (Port A4-A7 and IRQ) Output high voltage (VDD 1.8 V) IOH = -2 mA (ports A, B, D, E, and G) Output high voltage (ports C and F) IOH = -10 mA (VDD 2.7 V) IOH = -6 mA (VDD 2.3 V) IOH = -3 mA (VDD 1.8 V) Maximum total IOH for all port pins Output low voltage (VDD 1.8 V) IOL = 2.0 mA (ports A, B, D, E, and G) Output low voltage (ports C and F) IOL = 10.0 mA (VDD 2.7 V) IOL = 6 mA (VDD 2.3 V) IOL = 3 mA (VDD 1.8 V) Maximum total IOL for all port pins dc injection current4, 5, 6, 7, 8 VIN < VSS , VIN > VDD Single pin limit Total MCU limit, includes sum of all stressed pins Input capacitance (all non-supply pins)(2)
1 2 3 4
Symbol VIL VIL Vhys |IIn| |IOZ| RPU RPD VOH
Min -- -- 0.06 x VDD -- -- 17.5 17.5 VDD - 0.5 VDD - 0.5
Typical1
Max 0.35 x VDD 0.30 x VDD --
Unit V V V A A kohm kohm
0.025 0.025
1.0 1.0 52.5 52.5 -- -- -- --
V
|IOHT| VOL
-- -- -- -- --
60 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 60
mA
V
IOLT |IIC|
--
mA
-- -- CIn --
0.2 5 7
mA mA pF
5 6
Typicals are measured at 25C. This parameter is characterized and not tested on each device. Measurement condition for pull resistors: VIn = VSS for pullup and VIn = VDD for pulldown. Power supply must maintain regulation within operating VDD range during instantaneous and operating maximum current conditions. If positive injection current (VIn > VDD) is greater than IDD, the injection current may flow out of VDD and could result in external power supply going out of regulation. Ensure external VDD load will shunt current greater than maximum injection current. This will be the greatest risk when the MCU is not consuming power. Examples are: if no system clock is present, or if clock rate is very low which would reduce overall power consumption. All functional non-supply pins are internally clamped to VSS and VDD. Input must be current limited to the value specified. To determine the value of the required current-limiting resistor, calculate resistance values for positive and negative clamp voltages, then use the larger of the two values.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 51
7 8
This parameter is characterized and not tested on each device. IRQ does not have a clamp diode to VDD. Do not drive IRQ above VDD.
6.3.2
MCU Supply Current Characteristics
NOTE To attain the low power currents specified for Stop2, and Stop3 modes, all unused GPIO (including signals not pinned-out) must be programmed to a known condition; recommended as outputs in the low state.
Table 13. MCU Supply Current Characteristics (Temperature Range = -40 to 85C Ambient)
Parameter Symbol VDD (V) Typical1 Max2 2.1 mA(4) 2.1 mA(4) 2.1 mA(4) 1.8 mA(4) 1.8 mA(4) 1.8 mA(4) 7.5 mA(4) 7.5 mA(4) 7.5 mA(5) 5.8 mA(4) 5.8 mA(4) 5.8 mA(4) 0.6 A(4) 1.8 A(4) 4.0 A(5) 500 nA(4) 1.5 A(4) 3.3 A(4) 3.0 A(4) 5.5 A(4) 11 A(5) 2.4 A(4) 5.0 A(4) 9.5 A(4) Temp. (C) 55 70 85 55 70 85 55 70 85 55 70 85 55 70 85 55 70 85 55 70 85 55 70 85
3 Run supply current measured at (CPU clock = 2 MHz, fBus = 1 MHz)
3
1.1 mA
RIDD 2 0.8 mA
3 Run supply current (3) measured at (CPU clock = 16 MHz, fBus = 8 MHz) RIDD 2
6.5 mA
4.8 mA
3 Stop1 mode supply current S1IDD 2
25 nA
20 nA
3 Stop2 mode supply current S2IDD 2
550 nA
400 nA
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 52 Freescale Semiconductor
Table 13. MCU Supply Current Characteristics (continued) (Temperature Range = -40 to 85C Ambient)
Parameter Symbol VDD (V) Typical1 Max2 4.3 A(4) 7.2 A(4) 17.0 A(5) 3.5 A(4) 6.2 A(4) 15.0 A(4) Temp. (C) 55 70 85 55 70 85 55 70 85 55 70 85 55 70 85 55 70 85 55 70 85 55 70 85 55 70 85
3 Stop3 mode supply current S3IDD 2
675 nA
500 nA
3 RTI adder to Stop2 or Stop36 2
300 nA
300 nA
3 LVI adder to Stop3 (LVDSE = LVDE = 1) 2
70 A
60 A
3 Adder to Stop3 for oscillator enabled7 (OSCSTEN = 1) 2
5 A
5 A
Adder for loss-of-clock enabled
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3
9 A
Typicals are measured at 25C. Values given here are preliminary estimates prior to completing characterization. All modules except ATD active, ICG configured for FBE, and does not include any dc loads on port pins Values are characterized but not tested on every part. Every unit tested to this parameter. All other values in the Max column are guaranteed by characterization. Most customers are expected to find that auto-wake up from Stop2 or Stop3 can be used instead of the higher current wait mode. Wait mode typical is 560 A at 3 V and 422 A at 2V with fBus = 1 MHz. Values given under the following conditions: low range operation (RANGE = 0), low power mode (HGO = 0), clock monitor disabled (LOCD = 1)
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 53
6.3.3
Num 1 2
MCU ATD Characteristics
Table 14. MCU ATD Electrical Characteristics (Operating)
Characteristic ATD supply1 ATD supply current Enabled Disabled (ATDPU = 0 or STOP) Condition Symbol VDDAD IDDADrun IDDADstop Min 1.80 -- -- Typical -- 0.7 0.02 Max 3.6 1.2 0.6 Unit V mA A
3 4 5
Differential supply voltage Differential ground voltage Reference potential, low Reference potential, high
VDD-VDDAD VSS-VSSAD
|VDDLT| |VSDLT |VREFL|
-- -- -- 2.08 VDDAD
-- -- -- -- -- 200 <0.01
100 100 VSSAD VDDAD VDDAD 300 0.02
mV mV V V
2.08V < VDDAD < 3.6V 1.80V < VDDAD < 2.08V
VREFH
6
Reference supply current (VREFH to VREFL)
Enabled Disabled (ATDPU = 0 or STOP)
IREF IREF
-- --
A
7
1 2
Analog input voltage2
VINDC
VSSAD - 0.3
--
VDDAD + 0.3
V
VDDAD must be at same potential as VDD. Maximum electrical operating range, not valid conversion range.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 54 Freescale Semiconductor
Table 15. ATD Timing/Performance Characteristics1
Num 1 Characteristic ATD conversion clock frequency Conversion cycles (continuous convert)2 Conversion time Symbol fATDCLK Condition 2.08V < VDDAD < 3.6V 1.80V < VDDAD < 2.08V CCP Tconv 2.08V < VDDAD < 3.6V 1.80V < VDDAD < 2.08V 4 5 6 Source impedance at input3 Analog Input Voltage4 Ideal resolution (1 LSB)5 RAS VAIN RES 2.08V < VDDAD < 3.6V 1.80V < VDDAD < 2.08V 7 8 9 10 11 12
1
Min 0.5 0.5 28 14.0 28.0 -- VREFL 2.031 1.758 -- -- -- -- -- --
Typ -- -- 28 -- -- --
Max 2.0 1.0 <30 60.0 60.0 10 VREFH
Unit MHz
2 3
ATDCLK cycles S
k V mV
-- -- +0.5 +0.5 +0.4 +0.4 +0.05 +1.1
3.516 2.031 +1.0 +1.0 +1.0 +1.0 +5 +2.5
Differential non-linearity6 Integral non-linearity7 Zero-scale error8 Full-scale error9 Input leakage error 10 Total unadjusted error11
DNL INL EZS EFS EIL ETU
1.80V < VDDAD < 3.6V 1.80 V < VDDAD < 3.6V 1.80V < VDDAD < 3.6V 1.80V < VDDAD < 3.6V 1.80V < VDDAD < 3.6V 1.80V < VDDAD < 3.6V
LSB LSB LSB LSB LSB LSB
All ACCURACY numbers are based on processor and system being in WAIT state (very little activity and no IO switching) and that adequate low-pass filtering is present on analog input pins (filter with 0.01 F to 0.1 F capacitor between analog input and VREFL). Failure to observe these guidelines may result in system or microcontroller noise causing accuracy errors which will vary based on board layout and the type and magnitude of the activity. 2 This is the conversion time for subsequent conversions in continuous convert mode. Actual conversion time for single conversions or the first conversion in continuous mode is extended by one ATD clock cycle and 2 bus cycles due to starting the conversion and setting the CCF flag. The total conversion time in Bus Cycles for a conversion is: SC Bus Cycles = ((PRS+1)*2) * (28+1) + 2 CC Bus Cycles = ((PRS+1)*2) * (28) 3 RAS is the real portion of the impedance of the network driving the analog input pin. Values greater than this amount may not fully charge the input circuitry of the ATD resulting in accuracy error. 4 Analog input must be between V REFL and VREFH for valid conversion. Values greater than VREFH will convert to $3FF less the full scale error (EFS). 5 The resolution is the ideal step size or 1LSB = (V REFH-VREFL)/1024 6 Differential non-linearity is the difference between the current code width and the ideal code width (1LSB). The current code width is the difference in the transition voltages to and from the current code. 7 Integral non-linearity is the difference between the transition voltage to the current code and the adjusted ideal transition voltage for the current code. The adjusted ideal transition voltage is (Current Code-1/2)*(1/((VREFH+EFS)-(VREFL+EZS))). 8 Zero-scale error is the difference between the transition to the first valid code and the ideal transition to that code. The Ideal transition voltage to a given code is (Code-1/2)*(1/(VREFH-VREFL)). 9 Full-scale error is the difference between the transition to the last valid code and the ideal transition to that code. The ideal transition voltage to a given code is (Code-1/2)*(1/(VREFH-VREFL)). 10 Input leakage error is error due to input leakage across the real portion of the impedance of the network driving the analog pin. Reducing the impedance of the network reduces this error.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 55
11
Total unadjusted error is the difference between the transition voltage to the current code and the ideal straight-line transfer function. This measure of error includes inherent quantization error (1/2LSB) and circuit error (differential, integral, zero-scale, and full-scale) error. The specified value of ET assumes zero EIL (no leakage or zero real source impedance).
6.3.4
MCU Internal Clock Generation Module Characteristics
ICG EXTAL XTAL
RF
RS
C1
Crystal or Resonator (See Note) C2
NOTE: Use fundamental mode crystal or ceramic resonator only.
Figure 27. ICG Clock Basic Schematic Table 16. MCU ICG DC Electrical Specifications (Temperature Range = -40 to 85C Ambient)
Characteristic Load capacitors Feedback resistor Low range (32k to 100 kHz) High range (1M - 16 MHz) Series Resistor
1
Symbol C1 C2 RF
Min
Typ1
2
Max
Unit
10 1 RS 0
M MW
Data in Typical column was characterized at 3.0 V, 25C or is typical recommended value.
2
See crystal or resonator manufacturer's recommendation.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 56 Freescale Semiconductor
6.3.5
MCU ICG Frequency Specifications
Table 17. MCU ICG Frequency Specifications (VDDA = VDDA (min) to VDDA (max), Temperature Range = -40 to 85C Ambient)
Characteristic Symbol Min Typical Max Unit
Oscillator crystal or resonator (REFS = 1) (Fundamental mode crystal or ceramic resonator) Low range High range , FLL bypassed external (CLKS = 10) High range , FLL engaged external (CLKS = 11) Input clock frequency (CLKS = 11, REFS = 0) Low range High range Input clock frequency (CLKS = 10, REFS = 0) Internal reference frequency (untrimmed) Duty cycle of input clock 4 (REFS = 0) Output clock ICGOUT frequency CLKS = 10, REFS = 0 All other cases Minimum DCO clock (ICGDCLK) frequency Maximum DCO clock (ICGDCLK) frequency Self-clock mode (ICGOUT) frequency 1 Self-clock mode reset (ICGOUT) frequency Loss of reference frequency 2 Low range High range Loss of DCO frequency 3 Crystal start-up time 4, 5 Low range High range FLL lock time 4, 6 Low range High range FLL frequency unlock range FLL frequency lock range
flo fhi_byp fhi_eng flo fhi_eng fExtal fICGIRCLK tdc fICGOUT
32 2 2 32 2 0 182.25 40 fExtal (min) flo (min)
-- -- -- -- -- -- 243 --
100 16 10 100 10 40 303.75 60 fExtal (max) fICGDCLKma x(max)
kHz MHz MHz kHz MHz MHz kHz % MHz
fICGDCLKmin fICGDCLKma
x
8
-- -- 40 fICGDCLKma
x
MHz MHz MHz MHz kHz
fSelf fSelf_reset fLOR
fICGDCLKmin 5.5 5 50 8
10.5 25 500 1.5
fLOD 0.5
t t
MHz ms ms
CSTL
CSTH
-- -- -- -- -4*N -2*N
430 4
-- -- 2 2 4*N 2*N
tLockl tLockh nUnlock nLock
counts counts
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 57
Table 17. MCU ICG Frequency Specifications (continued) (VDDA = VDDA (min) to VDDA (max), Temperature Range = -40 to 85C Ambient)
Characteristic ICGOUT period jitter, 4, 7 measured at fICGOUT Max Long term jitter (averaged over 2 ms interval) Internal oscillator deviation from trimmed frequency VDD = 1.8 - 3.6 V, (constant temperature) VDD = 3.0 V 10%, -40 C to 85 C
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Symbol CJitter
Min
Typical
Max
Unit
% fICG -- ACCint -- -- 0.5 0.5 0.2 % 2 2
Self-clocked mode frequency is the frequency that the DCO generates when the FLL is open-loop. Loss of reference frequency is the reference frequency detected internally, which transitions the ICG into self-clocked mode if it is not in the desired range. Loss of DCO frequency is the DCO frequency detected internally, which transitions the ICG into FLL bypassed external mode (if an external reference exists) if it is not in the desired range. This parameter is characterized before qualification rather than 100% tested. Proper PC board layout procedures must be followed to achieve specifications. This specification applies to the period of time required for the FLL to lock after entering FLL engaged internal or external modes. If a crystal/resonator is being used as the reference, this specification assumes it is already running. Jitter is the average deviation from the programmed frequency measured over the specified interval at maximum fICGOUT. Measurements are made with the device powered by filtered supplies and clocked by a stable external clock signal. Noise injected into the FLL circuitry via VDDA and VSSA and variation in crystal oscillator frequency increase the CJitter percentage for a given interval.
6.4
MCU AC Peripheral Characteristics
This section describes ac timing characteristics for each peripheral system.
6.4.1
MCU Control Timing
Table 18. MCU Control Timing
Parameter Symbol fBus tRTI textrst trstdrv tMSSU tMSH tILIH tRise, tFall -- -- 3 30 Min dc 700 1.5 x fSelf_reset 34 x fSelf_reset 25 25 1.5 x tcyc Typical -- Max 20 1300 -- -- -- -- -- Unit MHz s ns ns ns ns ns ns
Bus frequency (tcyc = 1/fBus) Real-time interrupt internal oscillator period External reset pulse width1 Reset low drive2 Active background debug mode latch setup time Active background debug mode latch hold time IRQ pulse width3
Port rise and fall time (load = 50 pF)4 Slew rate control disabled Slew rate control enabled
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 58 Freescale Semiconductor
1
This is the shortest pulse that is guaranteed to be recognized as a reset pin request. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to override reset requests from internal sources. 2 When any reset is initiated, internal circuitry drives the reset pin low for about 34 cycles of fSelf_reset and then samples the level on the reset pin about 38 cycles later to distinguish external reset requests from internal requests. 3 This is the minimum pulse width that is guaranteed to pass through the pin synchronization circuitry. Shorter pulses may or may not be recognized. In stop mode, the synchronizer is bypassed so shorter pulses can be recognized in that case. 4 Timing is shown with respect to 20% V DD and 80% VDD levels. Temperature range -40C to 85C.
textrst RESET PIN
Figure 28. Control Reset Timing
BKGD/MS
RESET tMSH tMSSU
Figure 29. Control Active Background Debug Mode Latch Timing
tILIH IRQ
Figure 30. Control IRQ Timing
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 59
6.4.2
MCU Timer/PWM (TPM) Module Timing
Synchronizer circuits determine the shortest input pulses that can be recognized or the fastest clock that can be used as the optional external source to the timer counter. These synchronizers operate from the current bus rate clock.
Table 19. TPM Input Timing
Function External clock frequency External clock period External clock high time External clock low time Input capture pulse width Symbol fTPMext tTPMext tclkh tclkl tICPW Min dc 4 1.5 1.5 1.5 Max fBus/4 -- -- -- -- Unit MHz tcyc tcyc tcyc tcyc
tText tclkh
TPMxCHn tclkl
Figure 31. Timer External Clock
tICPW TPMxCHn
TPMxCHn tICPW
Figure 32. Timer Input Capture Pulse
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 60 Freescale Semiconductor
6.4.3
System SPI Timing
Table 20. SPI Timing
Table 20 describes the timing requirements for the SPI system.
No.
Function Operating frequency Master
Symbol fop
Min
Max
Unit Hz
fBus/2048 tSCK 2 tLead 1/2 tLag 1/2 tWSCK 62.5 tSU 15 tHI 0 tv -- tHO 0 tRI tRO tFI tFO -- -- -- --
fBus/2 = 8 MHz 2048 -- -- 1024 tcyc -- -- 25 -- tcyc - 25 25 tcyc - 25 25 tcyc tSCK tSCK ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
SCK period Master Enable lead time Master Enable lag time Master Clock (SCK) high or low time Master Data setup time (inputs) Master Data hold time (inputs) Master Data valid (after SCK edge) Master Data hold time (outputs) Master Rise time Input Output Fall time Input Output
10
SS1 (OUTPUT)
1
SCK (CPOL = 0) (OUTPUT) SCK (CPOL = 1) (OUTPUT)
9 4
3
4 10
5
MISO (INPUT)
6
MSB IN2 BIT 6 . . . 1 LSB IN
2
MOSI (OUTPUT) MSB OUT2
7
BIT 6 . . . 1 LSB OUT
8
Figure 33. SPI Master Timing (CPHA = 0)
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 61
6.4.4
FLASH Specifications
This section provides details about program/erase times and program-erase endurance for the FLASH memory. Program and erase operations do not require any special power sources other than the normal VDD supply.
Table 21. FLASH Characteristics
Characteristic Supply voltage for program/erase Supply voltage for read operation 0 < fBus < 8 MHz 0 < fBus < 20 MHz Internal FCLK frequency1 Internal FCLK period (1/FCLK) Byte program time (random location)(2) Byte program time (burst Page erase time2 Mass erase time(2) mode)(2) Symbol Vprog/erase VRead 1.8 2.08 fFCLK tFcyc tprog tBurst tPage tMass 10,000 100,000 tD_ret 15 100 150 5 9 4 4000 20,000 -- -- -- years 3.6 3.6 200 6.67 kHz s tFcyc tFcyc tFcyc tFcyc cycles Min 2.1 Typical Max 3.6 Unit V V
Program/erase endurance3 TL to TH = -40C to + 85C T = 25C Data retention4
1 2
The frequency of this clock is controlled by a software setting. These values are hardware state machine controlled. User code does not need to count cycles. This information supplied for calculating approximate time to program and erase. 3 Typical endurance for FLASH was evaluated for this product family on the 9S12Dx64. For additional information on how Freescale Semiconductor defines typical endurance, please refer to Engineering Bulletin EB619/D, Typical Endurance for Nonvolatile Memory. 4 Typical data retention values are based on intrinsic capability of the technology measured at high temperature and de-rated to 25C using the Arrhenius equation. For additional information on how Freescale Semiconductor defines typical data retention, please refer to Engineering Bulletin EB618/D, Typical Data Retention for Non-volatile Memory.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 62 Freescale Semiconductor
7
7.1
Application Considerations
Crystal Oscillator Reference Frequency
The following sections describe crystal requirements and RF port options for end user applications.
The 802.15.4 Standard requires that several frequency tolerances be kept within 40 ppm accuracy. This means that a total offset up to 80 ppm between transmitter and receiver will still result in acceptable performance. The MC1321x transceiver provides onboard crystal trim capacitors to assist in meeting this performance. The primary determining factor in meeting the 802.15.4 Standard, is the tolerance of the crystal oscillator reference frequency. A number of factors can contribute to this tolerance and a crystal specification will quantify each of them: 1. The initial (or make) tolerance of the crystal resonant frequency itself. 2. The variation of the crystal resonant frequency with temperature. 3. The variation of the crystal resonant frequency with time, also commonly known as aging. 4. The variation of the crystal resonant frequency with load capacitance, also commonly known as pulling. This is affected by: a) The external load capacitor values - initial tolerance and variation with temperature. b) The internal trim capacitor values - initial tolerance and variation with temperature. c) Stray capacitance on the crystal pin nodes - including stray on-chip capacitance, stray package capacitance and stray board capacitance; and its initial tolerance and variation with temperature. 5. Whether or not a frequency trim step will be performed in production
7.1.1
Crystal Oscillator Design Considerations
Freescale requires that a 16 MHz crystal with a <9 pF load capacitance is used. The MC1321x does not contain a reference divider, so 16 MHz is the only frequency that can be used. A crystal requiring higher load capacitance is prohibited because a higher load on the amplifier circuit may compromise its performance. The crystal manufacturer defines the load capacitance as that total external capacitance seen across the two terminals of the crystal. The oscillator amplifier configuration used in the MC1321x requires two balanced load capacitors from each terminal of the crystal to ground. As such, the capacitors are seen to be in series by the crystal, so each must be <18 pF for proper loading. In the Figure 34 crystal reference schematic, the external load capacitors are shown as 6.8 pF each, used in conjunction with a crystal that requires an 8 pF load capacitance. The default internal trim capacitor value (2.4 pF) and stray capacitance total value (6.8 pF) sum up to 9.2 pF giving a total of 16 pF. The value for the stray capacitance was determined empirically assuming the default internal trim capacitor value and for a specific board layout. A different board layout may require a different external load capacitor value. The on-chip trim capability may be used to determine the closest standard value by adjusting the trim value via the SPI and observing the frequency at CLKO. Each internal trim load capacitor has a trim range of approximately 5 pF in 20 fF steps. Initial tolerance for the internal trim capacitance is approximately 15%.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 63
Since the MC1321x contains an on-chip reference frequency trim capability, it is possible to trim out virtually all of the initial tolerance factors and put the frequency within 0.12 ppm on a board-by-board basis. Individual trimming of each board in a production environment allows use of the lowest cost crystal, but requires that each board go through a trimming procedure. This step can be avoided by using/specifying a crystal with a tighter stability tolerance, but the crystal will be slightly higher in cost. A tolerance analysis budget may be created using all the previously stated factors. It is an engineering judgment whether the worst case tolerance will assume that all factors will vary in the same direction or if the various factors can be statistically rationalized using RSS (Root-Sum-Square) analysis. The aging factor is usually specified in ppm/year and the product designer can determine how many years are to be assumed for the product lifetime. Taking all of the factors into account, the product designer can determine the needed specifications for the crystal and external load capacitors to meet the 802.15.4 Standard.
U3 XTAL1 27 Y1 16MHz XTAL2 MC1321x 28 C10 6.8pF
C11 6.8pF
Y1 = Daishinku KDS - DSX321G ZD00882
Figure 34. MC1321x Modem Crystal Circuit
7.1.2
Crystal Requirements
The suggested crystal specification for the MC1321x is shown in Table 22. A number of the stated parameters are related to desired package, desired temperature range and use of crystal capacitive load trimming. For more design details and suggested crystals, see application note AN3251, Reference Oscillator Crystal Requirements for MC1319x, MC1320x, and MC1321x.
Table 22. MC1321x Crystal Specifications1
Parameter Frequency Frequency tolerance (cut tolerance)2 Frequency stability (temperature drift) Aging4 Equivalent series resistance Load capacitance6
5 3
Value 16.000000 10 15 2 43 5-9
Unit MHz ppm ppm ppm pF at 25 C
Condition
Over desired temperature range max max
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 64 Freescale Semiconductor
Table 22. MC1321x Crystal Specifications1 (continued)
Parameter Shunt capacitance Mode of oscillation
1 2 3 4 5 6
Value <2
Unit pF max fundamental
Condition
User must be sure manufacturer specifications apply to the desired package. A wider frequency tolerance may acceptable if application uses trimming at production final test. A wider frequency stability may be acceptable if application uses trimming at production final test. A wider aging tolerance may be acceptable if application uses trimming at production final test. Higher ESR may be acceptable with lower load capacitance. Lower load capacitance can allow higher ESR and is better for low temperature operation in Doze mode.
7.2
*
Low Power Considerations
Program and use the modem IO pins properly for low power operation -- All unused modem GPIOx signals must be used one of 2 ways: - If the Off mode is to be used as a long term low power mode, unused GPIO should be tied to ground. The default GPIO mode is an input and there will be no conflict. - If only Hibernate and/or Doze modes are used as long term low power modes, the GPIO should programmed as outputs in the low state. -- When modem GPIO are used as outputs: - Pullup resistors should be provided (can be provided by the MCU IO pin if tied to the MCU) if the modem Off condition is to be used as a long term low power mode. - During Hibernate and/or Doze modes, the GPIO will retain its programmed output state. -- If the modem GPIO is used as an input, the GPIO should be driven by its source during all low power modes or a pullup resistor should be provided. -- Digital outputs IRQ, MISO, and CLKO: - MISO - is always an output. During Hibernate, Doze, and active modes, the default condition is for the MISO output to go to tristate when CE is de-asserted, and this can cause a problem with the MCU because one of its inputs can float. Program Control_B Register 07, Bit 11, miso_hiz_en = 0 so that MISO is driven low when CE is de-asserted. As a result, MISO will not float when Doze or Hibernate Mode is enabled. - IRQ - is an open drain output (OD) and should always have a pullup resistor (typically provided by the MCU IO). IRQ acts as the interrupt request output. NOTE It is good practice to have the IRQ interrupt input to the MCU disabled during the hardware reset to the modem. After releasing the modem hardware reset, the interrupt request input to the MCU can then be enabled to await the IRQ that signifies the modem is ready and in Idle mode; this can prevent a possible extraneous false interrupt request. - CLKO - is always an output. During Hibernate CLKO retains its output state, but does not toggle. During Doze, CLKO may toggle depending on whether it is being used.
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5
Freescale Semiconductor
65
*
When the MCU is used in low power modes, be sure that all unused IO are programmed properly for low power operation (typically best case is as outputs in the low state). The MC1321x is commonly used with the Freescale MC9S08GT/GB 8-bit devices. For these MCUs: -- Use only STOP2 and STOP3 modes (not STOP1) with these devices where the GPIO states are retained. The MCU must retain control of the MC1321x IO during low power operation. -- As stated above all unused GPIO should be programmed as outputs low for lowest power and no floating inputs. -- The MCU has IO signals that are not pinned-out on the package. These signals must also be initialized (even though they cannot be used) to prevent floating inputs.
7.3
RF Single Port Application with an F Antenna
Figure 35 shows a typical single port RF application topology in which part count is minimized and a printed copper F antenna is used for low cost. Only the RFIN port of the MC1321x is required because the differential port is bi-directional and uses the on-chip T/R switch. Matching to near 50 Ohms is accomplished with L1, L2, L3, and the traces on the PCB. A balun transforms the differential signal to single-ended to interface with the F antenna. The proper DC bias to the RFIN_x (PAO_x) pins is provided through the balun. The CT_Bias pin provides the proper bias voltage point to the balun depending on operation, that is, CT_Bias is at VDDA voltage for transmit and is at ground for receive. CT_Bias is switched between these two voltages based on the operation. Capacitor C2 provides some high frequency bypass to the dc bias point. The L3/C1 network provides a simple bandpass filter to limit out-of-band harmonics from the transmitter. NOTE Passive component values can vary as a function of circuit board layout as required to obtain best matching and RF performance.
U1 GPIO1 PAO_M PAO_P RFIN_P RFIN_M CT_Bias MC1321x 44 39 38 36 35 34 L4 1.5nH L1 1.5nH 3 L2 3.9nH 2 4 Z1 1 5 6 LDB212G4005C-001 L3 3.9nH C1 1.0pF R2 0R Not Mounted ANT1 F_Antenna R1 0R
C2 10pF 2 3 4 5 1 J1 SMA_edge_Receptacle_Female
Figure 35. RF Single Port Application with an F-Antenna
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 66 Freescale Semiconductor
7.4
RF Dual Port Application with an F-Antenna
Figure 36 shows a typical dual port application topology which also uses a printed copper F antenna. Both the RFIN and PAO ports are used and the internal T/R switch is bypassed. Matching is provided for both differential ports by L5, L6, L7, and L9 and C4 and C7. A balun is used for both receive and transmit paths which are provided by the external T/R switch, IC1. This implementation, while more complicated, gives better performance due to the reduced loss of the external T/R switch and the more optimum match provided to the PAO and RFIN ports. The switch control is connected to the CT_Bias pin which serves as its control signal. The CT_Bias signal can be programmed to be active high or active low (depending on TX versus RX) and will switch appropriately based on the radio operation. No interaction with the MCU on an operation-by-operation basis is required. NOTE Passive component values can vary as a function of circuit board layout as required to obtain best matching and RF performance. The VDD voltage to the antenna switch is connected to GPIO1. This is a useful feature when GPIO1 is programmed as an "Out of Idle" status indicator. When the radio is out of Idle (or active), the antenna switch is powered. In this manner, the antenna switch only consumes current when it needs to be active. The GPIO1 can only be used as a VDD source for a very low current load.
VDDA L5 4.7nH 3 C4 1.0pF 44 39 38 36 35 34 L6 LDB212G4005C-001 4.7nH C6 10pF L7 3.3nH 3 MC1321x C7 1.8pF L9 LDB212G4005C-001 3.3nH 2 4 Z3 1 5 6 10pF C8 3 1 2 2 4 Z2 1 5 6 IC1 OUT2 VDD OUT1 IN GND VCONT PG2012TK-E2 L8 2.2nH C9 1.8pF R4 0R Not Mounted ANT2 F_Antenna 6 C5 5 4 10pF R3 0R 10pF C3
U2 GPIO1 PAO_M PAO_P RFIN_P RFIN_M CT_Bias
2 3 4 5
1 J2 SMA_edge_Receptacle_Female
Figure 36. RF Dual Port Application with an F-Antenna
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 67
8
Mechanical Diagrams
Figure 37 and Figure 38 show the MC1321x mechanical information.
Figure 37. MC1321x Mechanical (1 of 2)
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 68 Freescale Semiconductor
Figure 38. MC1321x Mechanical (2 of 2)
MC13211/212/213 Technical Data, Rev. 1.5 Freescale Semiconductor 69
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Document Number: MC1321x Rev. 1.5 11/2008

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